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Age of Jefferson
Jefferson, JR, court cases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Expansion | to add to the size of the country; for example, the United States expanded across the continent during the early 1800s. |
| Supreme Court | the highest U.S. court, Chief Justice John Marshall established its power of judicial review in the case of Marbury v. Madison |
| John Marshall | Chief Justice of the Supreme Court that ruled in Marbury v. Madison and established judicial review |
| Marbury v. Madison | the Supreme Court case that established judicial review |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | supported the elastic clause as enabling Congress to make laws that the Constitution did not specifically give it power to make if they were ‘necessary and proper’ |
| Gibbons v. Odgen | supported the power of the Constitution and stated that when there is a conflict between state and federal law, federal law is to be followed |
| Louisiana Purchase (1803) | large area of land bought from France in 1803 for $15 million, doubled the size of the U.S. |
| Embargo Act of 1807 | The law was Jefferson’s idea to try to keep the British from seizing ships and impressing sailors, it hurt the U.S. economy so much it was repealed |
| Barbary Pirates (from North Africa) | demanded bribes from the US to stop attacking trading ships, Jefferson refused to keep paying, US went to war against them and won |
| Midnight Judges | judges appointed by outgoing president John Adams to help maintain Federalist power in government |
| Zebulon Pike | explored the Great Plains and wrote about its unacceptability for settlement and farming |
| Impressment | kidnapping sailors and forcing them to work for another country’s navy |
| Lewis and Clark Expedition | group sent by Jefferson to explore Louisiana and look for an all water route to the Pacific Ocean |
| Independence, Missouri | starting point for the Lewis and Clark Expedition |
| France | nation, ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, that sold Louisiana (including New Orleans) to the United States for $15 million |
| Constitutionality | determining whether a law is legal under the Constitution; Jefferson bought Louisiana without permission of Congress and this raised questions about the constitutionality of the purchase. |
| New Orleans | port at the southern end of the Mississippi River, on the Gulf of Mexico; rented for a time from Spain, when it transferred to the ownership of France, the U.S. wanted to buy it; later, it was the site of the final battle of the War of 1812 |
| Embargo | a law that prevents trade with another country in order to try to force that nation to respect the rights of your country |
| War Hawks | group of Western congressmen that wanted war with Great Britain to end Indian attacks and try to gain control of Canadian land |
| Henry Clay | congressman from Kentucky that led the call for war against Great Britain |
| Andrew Jackson | congressman from Tennessee that led the call for war against Great Britain; hero of the Battle of New Orleans |
| Blockade | to block ports and not allow trade to continue for an enemy country in time of war |
| Oliver Hazzard Perry | hero of the Battle of Lake Erie; known to have stated “Don’t give up the ship.” and “We have met the enemy and they are ours.” |
| Fort McHenry | Battle to protect the port of Baltimore during the War of 1812; Francis Scott Key wrote “The Star Spangled Banner” while watching the battle |
| Battle of New Orleans | final battle of the War of 1812 |
| Treaty of Ghent | ended the War of 1812; basically returned everything to the way it was before the war |
| Canada | large area belonging to Great Britain, north of the United States; the United States lost major battles fought to gain control of the land; War Hawks and other westerners wanted to expand northward by adding Canada to the U.S. |
Created by:
Ms. Carr's class
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