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Chapter 9 Vocabulary
Words and definitions for the 43 vocabulary words in Chapter 9.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| City | A large settlement of people with an extensively built environment which acts as their center for politics, culture, and economics. |
| First Urban Revolution | The independent revolution across 5 different hearths which caused the evolution of agricultural villages to permanent cities. |
| Mesopotamia | Region in southwest Asia where the first urban revolution occurred in 2200 BCE. |
| Nile River Valley | Region along the Nile River in North Africa where the First Urban Revolution occurred in 3200 BCE. |
| Indus River Valley | Region in South Asia where the First Urban Revolution occurred in 2200 BCE. |
| Huang He and Wei Valleys | Region in China where the first urban revolution occurred in 1500 BCE. |
| Mesoamerica | The region of North America where the First Urban Revolution had occurred in 200 BCE |
| Urban Morphology | The layout of a city, which includes sizes and shapes of buildings, and the pathways for infrastructure |
| Functional Zonation | Division of a city into different regions which have different purposes such as housing or manufacturing |
| Site | Physical characteristics of a place with civilization |
| Situation | The position of a city or place in the context of its environment |
| Acropolis | The upper and fortified parts of an ancient Greek city |
| Rank-size Rule | Relationship of a city's population being inversely proportional to the rank of its hierarchy. |
| Primate City | The leading city of a country with the most size and influence |
| Central Place Theory | A theory by Walter Christaller which states that the size and locations of cities, towns, are logically and regularly distributed. |
| Hinterland | An economic production area located inland and is connected to the outside world through a port. |
| Central Business District (CBD) | The zone of a city where businesses and their infrastructure are clustered and built together |
| Central City | Urban area which is not suburban |
| Suburb | A built up residential and shopping district connected to a central city by transportation routes |
| Suburbanization | Transformation of farmland and small towns outside a city into suburbs |
| Concentric Zone Model (Burgess) | Urban model explaining the distribution of social groups around a CBD using 5 concentric zones with the newest built on the outskirts. |
| Sector Model (Hoyt) | A model of the structure of an American city centered on a CBD with distinct areas of manufacturing and residences. |
| Multiple Nuclei Model (Harris and Ullman) | Layout of American cities, including a CBD and suburban business districts which each serve as nuclei around which businesses and residences cluster. |
| Edge Cities | Large urban areas on the outskirts of major cities, typically found along major roads. |
| Galactic City Model | Modern city in which the old downtown plays the role of a festival or recreational area, and widely dispersed industrial parks, shopping, high-tech spaces, edge-city downtowns become the new centers of economic activity. |
| Latin American City Model (Griffin-Ford/New Ford) | Model of Latin American cities showing central plazas and wide streets commonly designed by Spanish colonizers. |
| Disamenity Sector | Residential area where the lowest income residents of a city live, particularly in the Latin American city model. |
| African City Model (DeBlij) | Model of African cities showing how colonial cities were often built around African cities, with the central city having three CBDs: traditional, informal, and colonial. |
| Southeast Asia City Model (McGhee) | Model of Southeast Asian cities showing a colonial port zone surrounded by a large commercial zone but no formal CBD. |
| Zoning Laws | Legal regulations of land use that determines what types of building and economic activity is allowed. |
| Redlining | Now illegal discriminatory real estate practice that prevents minorities from getting loans to purchase homes in predominantly white neighborhoods. |
| Blockbusting | Rapidity changing racial or class characteristics of a neighborhood caused by real estate agents persuade residents to sell their homes due to another race or class moving into a neighborhood. |
| White Flight | Movement of whites from a city into its suburbs caused by an increase of residents of a different race. |
| Gentrification | Renewal or rebuilding of lower income neighborhoods into middle or high class neighborhoods, which drives property value and displaces low income residents. |
| Teardowns | Homes brought in the suburbs meant to be torn down and replaced with much larger homes. |
| McMansions | Large homes built in place of tear-downs of American suburbs. |
| Urban Sprawl | The expansion of low density urban areas around a city, which increases walkability, diverse incomes, and public spaces. |
| New Urbanism | Modern urbanism |
| Gated Communities | Residential neighborhoods where access is controlled in a specific area to make exclusive space and deter movement of people and traffic. |
| Urban Geopolitics | How cities shape and are shaped by geopolitical processes. Can be at the national, regional, or global scale. |
| Megacity | A large city with 10 million people or more. |
| Hutment Factories | Manufacturing done in slums, typically using intensive hand labor and low cost machines. |
| Informal Economy | Portion of the economy not taxed or regulated by a government. |
Created by:
Lucas Booher
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