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Chapter 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| city | a large settlement of people with an extensive built environment that functions as a center of politics, culture, and economics |
| first urban revolution | the transformation of societies from agriculture villages to permanently settled cities, which occurred independently in five separate hearths |
| mesopotamia | region in southwest asia where the first urban revolution occurred around 2200 BCE |
| nile river valley | region along the nile river in north africa where the first urban revolution ocurred 3200 BCE |
| indus river valley | region in south asia where the first urban revolution occurred around 2200 BCE |
| huang he and wei valley | region in china where the first urban revolution occurred around 1500 BCE |
| mesoamerica | region in central america where the first urban revolution occurred around 200 BCE |
| urban morphology | the layout of a city, including the sizes and shapes of buildings and the pathways of infrastructure |
| functional zonation | division of a city into different regions by use or purpose |
| site | physical attributes of the location of a human settlement |
| situation | the position of a city or place relative to its surrounding environment or context |
| acropolis | the upper, fortified part of an ancient greek city |
| rank-size rule | observed statistical relationship that the population of a city will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy |
| primate city | the lead city in a country in terms of size and influence |
| central place theory | walter christaller's theory that the size and locations of cities, towns, and villages are logically and regularly distributed |
| hinterland | an area of economic production that is located inland and is connected to the world by a port |
| central business district | the zone of a city where businesses cluster and around which a city and its infrastructure are typically built |
| central city | urban area that is not suburban |
| suburb | a built up residential and shopping district connected to a central city by major transportation routes |
| suburbanization | transformation of farmland and small towns outside of an urban area into suburbs |
| concentric zone model | urban model that explains the distribution of social groups around a central business district using 5 concentric zones with the newest built on the outskirts, created by ernest burgess |
| sector model | a structural model of the american city centered on a central business district with distinct areas of manufacturing and residences extending in wedge-shaped zones from the CBD |
| multiple nuclei model | layout of american cities, including a central business district and suburban business districts that each serve as nuclei around which businesses and residences cluster |
| edge cities | large urban areas on the outskirts of major cities, typically found on major road. edge cities are characterized by extensive space for offices and retail, and few residential areas |
| galactic city model | modern city in which the old downtown plays the role of a festival or recreational area, and widely dispersed industrial parks, shopping centers, high tech industrial spaces, edge city downtowns and industrial suburbs are the new centers of economic act.. |
| latin american city model | model of latin american cities showing central plazas and wide streets commonly designed by spanish colonizers |
| disamenity sector | residential zone where lowest income residents in the city live, especially in the latin american city model, often built on unstable or undesirable land |
| african city model | model of african cities showing how colonial cities were often built around african cities, the central city has 3 CBD's: informal, traditional, and colonial |
| southeast asia city model | model of southeast asian cities showing a city with an old colonial port zone surrounded by a large commercial district and no formal CBD |
| zoning laws | legal restrictions on land use that determine what types of building and economic activities are allowed |
| redlining | discriminatory real estate practice that prevents minorities from getting loans to purchase homes or property in predominately white neighborhoods |
| blockbusting | rapidly changing racial or class composition of a neighborhood that occurs when real estate agents persuade residents to sell homes because of fear that another race or class of people is moving into the neighborhood |
| white flight | movement of whites from a city and adjacent neighborhoods to outlying suburbs in response to a growth in the number of residents who are of a different race |
| gentrification | renewal or rebuilding of a lower income neighborhood into a middle to upper class neighborhood, which results in driving up property values and rents and the dispossession of lower income residents |
| teardowns | homes bought in suburbs with the intent of tearing them down and replacing them with much larger homes, often referred to as mcmansions |
| mcmansions | large homes often built in place of tear-downs in american suburbs |
| urban sprawl | the expansion of low density urban areas around a city |
| new urbanism | new urbanism a modern approach to planning and developing cities and communities that values walkability, attracting diverse incomes, and access to public spaces |
| gated communities | residential neighborhoods where access is controlled in order to define exclusive space and deter movement of people and traffic through the neighborhood |
| urban geopolitics | how cities shape and are shaped by geopolitical processes at national, regional and global scales |
| megacity | a large city with more than 10 million people |
| hutment factories | manufacturing conducted in slums, typically relying on intensive hand labor and low-cost machines |
| informal economy | portion of the economy that is not taxed or regulated by government |
Created by:
pl251101
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