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175 Ch 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heterotrophs are | Microbes that use organic compounds for nutrients |
| Autotrophs are | Microbes that use inorganic compounds for nutrients and CO2 for carbon; can convert CO2 into organic compounds |
| Phototrophs are | Get energy from sunlight |
| Chemotrophs are | Get energy from chemical compounds |
| Photoautotrophs | Use light for energy and CO2 for carbon source |
| 2 types of Chemoautotrophs | Chemoorganic Autotroph and Lithoautotrophs |
| Chemoorganic Autotroph | Use organic compounds for energy and Inorganic compounds for carbon |
| Lithoautotroph | Only rely on Inorganic materials |
| Chemoautotrophs | Use organic compounds for both energy and carbon; energy is produced by ATP |
| 2 types of Chemoautotrophs | Saprobes and Parasites |
| Parasites that live ON the body are referred to as | Ectoparasites |
| Parasites that live IN organs or tissue are referred to as | Endoparasites |
| Parasite that is not able to replicate outside of a host is | Obligate Parasite |
| Which "troph" causes the most disease to humans | Chemoheterotrophs |
| Active Transport | Pumps, moves ions against concentration gradient, uses ATP |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Uses protein to move ions with concentration gradient, no ATP, uses a helper ion |
| Simple Diffusion | Osmosis, with concentration gradient |
| Cardinal Range | Temp. at which microbes can live and grow |
| Psychrophile | Microbes that live and grow at low temps, 1 C to 15 C |
| Mesophile | Microbes that live and grow at a optimum temp. of 20 C to 40 C, but can grow at 1 C |
| Psychrotropic | Mesophile that can grow at low temp. 1 C |
| Thermophile | Microbes that live and grow at temps. 45 C to 80 C |
| Extreme Thermophiles | Microbes that live and grow at temps. 80 C to 121 C |
| 3 Categories that microbes fall into regarding Oxygen | 1. Can use O2 & Detoxify it 2. Can Not use O2 & Detoxify it 3. Neither Use or Detoxify O2 |
| Obligate Aerobe | Microbe needs O2 to grow |
| Obligate Anaerobe | Microbe can not live in O2 |
| Microaerophiles | Microbes that do not live in direct contact with atmosphere with O2 but need O2 to live . Soil and water environments |
| Osmophiles | Microbes that live in High Solute concentrations |
| Facultative Anaerobes | Does not need O2 for metabolic activities but will use it when present |
| Anaerobes | Microbes that do not or Can not live with O2 |
| Aerotolerant Anaerobes | Microbes that Do Not use O2 at all but is not harmed by it |
| Neutrophiles | Microbes that live in a PH level of 6 to 8 PH; Most bacteria that cause disease to humans are Neutrophile Heterotrophs |
| Acidophiles | Microbes that live in low PH levels |
| Alkalinophiles | Microbes that live in High PH levels |
| What Tonicity do most Microbes live at | Slightly Hypotonic and Isotonic |
| Halophiles | Microbes that live in or can tolerate High salt NaCl 9% to 25% such as Staphylococcus Aureus |
| Barophiles | Microbes that live at High Pressures; can not live at normal atmospheric pressure |
| Symbiosis | 2 Microbes that live together either with a Positive or Negative Relationship |
| Aerobes | Microbes that need O2 to live and grow |
| 3 categories of Symbiosis | Mutualism, Commensalism and Parasitism |
| Mutualism | 2 Microbes that live in or on Host that receive nutrient from the Host and Host benefits from the Microbe |
| Commensalism | Microbe receives nutrients off of the Host while the Host does not benefit or suffer--MOOCH |
| Parasitism | Microbe receives nutrients and habitat from Host while Host suffers --Pathogenic |
| Quorum Sensing | Bacteria changing their gene expression depending on the population of the Biofilm |
| Generational Time | The measure of growth rate of a Microbial Population in regards to time |
| 4 phases of the Growth Curve | Lag Phase, Exponential Phase, Stationary Phase, and Death Phase |
| Lag Phase | Beginning of the curve, Slow to start due to Max rate of replication has not started, or too small of numbers to count |
| Exponential Phase | Steady climb of growth; Microbes are the most vulnerable to damage in this Phase |
| Stationary Phase | Death rate and Growth rate are the same |
| Death Phase | Death rate faster than Growth rates or Microbes are going Dormant |
| Turbidometry | Estimating size of population in liquid media by time and how turbid media becomes |
| PCR testing | Polymerase Chain Reaction; Used to Quantify bacteria without culturing them |
| Flow Cytometry | Machine that count cells with aid of Fluorescent light |
| 6 Elements that all organisms require | CHONPS; Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulfur |
| Factors that control the growth of Microbes | PH, Atmospheric and Osmotic HP, Competition, Temp, Radiation, and Gases |
| Biofilms are an example of what type of group living condition | Synergistic |
| 3 ways to count bacterial population growth | Direct cell count, Turbidity, or Colony numbers |
| Zinc in a Bacterial cell does what | Is a binding protein for the DNA |
| Cell walls in the Bacteria get its support from what ion | Calcium |
| Radiation that can damage Microbes | Ultraviolet and Ionized Radiations |
| Thioglycolate Medium | Medium that is used to detect Microbes O2 tolerance patterns |
| Molecules that require Phosphorus for Biosynthesis | ATP, Nucleic Acid and Phospholipids |
| What does Catalase Enzyme convert | Hydrogen Peroxide into water and oxygen |
| Thermoduric | Mesophiles that can survive a short time at high temps. |
| Molecules that require Nitrogen for Biosynthesis | ATP, Nucleic Acid and Proteins |
| What does Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme convert | Converts Toxic Superoxide into Hydrogen Peroxide |
| Antibiosis | Our Microbiota produces antibiotics that protect us |
| Molecules that require Sulfur for Biosynthesis | Proteins |
| Micronutrients are | Trace Elements like zinc |
| What determines a microbes nutrient type | Source of Carbon and source of Energy |
| Phagocytosis | Is a form of Endocytosis that engulfs large particles |
| Facultative means | Can tolerate like the Facultative Anaerobe does not need oxygen but will use it or can tolerate it |
| Philes and Trophs | Philes = love and Trophs = tolerate |
| Capnophiles | Carbon Dioxide loving |
| Salt concentration for Halophiles is | Between 9% and 25% |
| Antibiosis is | Opposite of symbiosis, an antagonistic relationship between two organisms |
| Synergism | Two organism that have a relationship but do not need each other to survive |
| Microbe that requires oxygen at a lesser concentration than that of Atmospheric Pressure | Microaerophile |
| Enzyme that converts Hydrogen Peroxide into water and oxygen | Catalase |
| Mesophiles that can survive short exposure to high temperatures are referred to as being | Thermoduric |
| The relationship between the Normal microbiota producing Antibiotics and the intruding bacteria is called ; an antagonistic type relationship | Antibiosis |
| Enzyme that converts Superoxide into Hydrogen Peroxide is | Superoxide Dismutase |
Created by:
scones and joe
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