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175 Virus
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name for fully formed virus, the entire virus particle | Virion |
| The Genome in the virus is considered what | The total nucleic acid content of the virus |
| The three classifications of a virus are | Chemical composition, structure, genetic make up |
| Obligate Intracellular Parasites definition | Virus can not multiple outside of a Host. |
| DNA and RNA structures in the virus | Can be Single Stranded or Double Stranded and can be Linear or Circular |
| What combination of genetic material is in virus | Either DNA or RNA, can not be both |
| Filterable definition | Viruses can move thru filters that stop bacteria |
| Protein and Enzyme synthesis abilities | Can NOT produce proteins or enzymes but may have enzymes |
| Outer surface of virus made up of subunits that encloses the genetic material | Capsid |
| Subunits that make up the Capsid | Capsomeres |
| Term used to identify the Capsid and the genetic core | Nucleocapsid |
| Additional cover to the Capsid that is made up of part of the Host cells membrane upon viral exocytosis | Envelope |
| Name for virus without envelope | Naked Virus |
| Appendages that allow the virus to attach to its Host | Protein Spikes |
| 2 shapes for the Capsomeres are | Helix and Icosahedral |
| Purpose of the genes in the virus | Only genes that are required to invade the host and redirect the cells activity |
| Positive Sense RNA | Single Stranded RNA that is ready for immediate translation |
| Negative Sense RNA | Single Stranded RNA that is NOT ready for immediate translation |
| Name of Enzyme carried by virus that produces DNA from their own RNA | Reverse Transcriptase as used with Retroviruses |
| Retroviruses are | Animal Viruses that use Reverse Transcriptase to create DNA from RNA, the DNA then gets inserted into the Host cells genome, as in HIV |
| Steps of Muliplication | ADsorption, Penetration, Uncoating, Synthesis, Assembly, Release |
| Host Range is | Virus can only attach to a host cell that it has an exact fit to the host cells receptors |
| Tropism is | The action of the virus only being able to attach to a host cell that it is specifically designed for |
| 2 forms of Penetration | Endocytosis and Fusion |
| 2 forms of Release | Exocytosis and by the cell rupturing or cell Lysis |
| Name for Virus induced damage to the host cell that causes changes to the host cell | Cytopathic Effects |
| Term for viral damage that causes host cells to fuse together | Syncytia or Giant Cell |
| When a host cell maintains a relationship with the virus that can last weeks or years is | Persistent Infection |
| When the animal viral DNA is incorporated into the host cell DNA and is later transcribed to produce more viral RNA ; Dormant | Provirus; like the Shingles |
| When a virus permanently changes the genetic make up of the host cell causing it to become caner is | Oncogenic and the virus is called Oncoviruses |
| Oncoviruses are | Cancer causing viruses |
| Transformation implies that what has happened to the cell | Viral Transformation implies that the Host Cell is changed |
| Viruses that attack Bacteria are called | Bacteriophages, Every bacteria is affected by these, mostly dsDNA; robot looking |
| Lysogeny | Is the same action as Provirus that affects animal cells, Lysogeny is for bacteria; in Dormant stage |
| Lytic | Is the active pathway that the virus takes, opposite to Lysogeny |
| Temperate Phage | Bacteriophages that can choose between which pathway to take either the Lytic or the Lysogenic ( active or dormant) |
| Cultivating viruses in a living embryo or animal is called | In vivo |
| Cultivation viruses in cells or tissues is called | In vitro |
| When cultivation viruses on agar plate and viruses destroy bacteria in areas that appear clear, these areas are called | Plaques |
| Prion is | Protein fiber that causes disease to the central N.S. brain |
| Satellite viruses are | Viruses that require other viruses for their replication |
| Viroid's are | In plants , are 1/10 th the size of normal virus, lack a capsid and are just a naked RNA |
| How are Cytopathic effects detected | Examine infected cell with a microscope |
| 3 reasons for cultivating viruses | To isolate viruses from clinical specimens, Make vaccines, Research biology of viruses |
| Reason why it is harder to make antiviral drugs vs. antibacterial drugs | Antiviral drugs often target Host Cell |
| Characteristics of the Capsid | Composed entirely of Protein, Icosahedral or Helix shaped, Protect genetic material, Composed of Capsomeres and May bind to surface of Host Cell. |
| Viruses that undergo Lysogeny are considered what | Temperate Phage |
| What % of human DNA is Viral DNA | 8 % |
| Lysogenic bacteria | Viral DNA inserted into host DNA and bacteria continues to grow with an altered DNA |
Created by:
scones and joe
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