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175 Virus

QuestionAnswer
Name for fully formed virus, the entire virus particle Virion
The Genome in the virus is considered what The total nucleic acid content of the virus
The three classifications of a virus are Chemical composition, structure, genetic make up
Obligate Intracellular Parasites definition Virus can not multiple outside of a Host.
DNA and RNA structures in the virus Can be Single Stranded or Double Stranded and can be Linear or Circular
What combination of genetic material is in virus Either DNA or RNA, can not be both
Filterable definition Viruses can move thru filters that stop bacteria
Protein and Enzyme synthesis abilities Can NOT produce proteins or enzymes but may have enzymes
Outer surface of virus made up of subunits that encloses the genetic material Capsid
Subunits that make up the Capsid Capsomeres
Term used to identify the Capsid and the genetic core Nucleocapsid
Additional cover to the Capsid that is made up of part of the Host cells membrane upon viral exocytosis Envelope
Name for virus without envelope Naked Virus
Appendages that allow the virus to attach to its Host Protein Spikes
2 shapes for the Capsomeres are Helix and Icosahedral
Purpose of the genes in the virus Only genes that are required to invade the host and redirect the cells activity
Positive Sense RNA Single Stranded RNA that is ready for immediate translation
Negative Sense RNA Single Stranded RNA that is NOT ready for immediate translation
Name of Enzyme carried by virus that produces DNA from their own RNA Reverse Transcriptase as used with Retroviruses
Retroviruses are Animal Viruses that use Reverse Transcriptase to create DNA from RNA, the DNA then gets inserted into the Host cells genome, as in HIV
Steps of Muliplication ADsorption, Penetration, Uncoating, Synthesis, Assembly, Release
Host Range is Virus can only attach to a host cell that it has an exact fit to the host cells receptors
Tropism is The action of the virus only being able to attach to a host cell that it is specifically designed for
2 forms of Penetration Endocytosis and Fusion
2 forms of Release Exocytosis and by the cell rupturing or cell Lysis
Name for Virus induced damage to the host cell that causes changes to the host cell Cytopathic Effects
Term for viral damage that causes host cells to fuse together Syncytia or Giant Cell
When a host cell maintains a relationship with the virus that can last weeks or years is Persistent Infection
When the animal viral DNA is incorporated into the host cell DNA and is later transcribed to produce more viral RNA ; Dormant Provirus; like the Shingles
When a virus permanently changes the genetic make up of the host cell causing it to become caner is Oncogenic and the virus is called Oncoviruses
Oncoviruses are Cancer causing viruses
Transformation implies that what has happened to the cell Viral Transformation implies that the Host Cell is changed
Viruses that attack Bacteria are called Bacteriophages, Every bacteria is affected by these, mostly dsDNA; robot looking
Lysogeny Is the same action as Provirus that affects animal cells, Lysogeny is for bacteria; in Dormant stage
Lytic Is the active pathway that the virus takes, opposite to Lysogeny
Temperate Phage Bacteriophages that can choose between which pathway to take either the Lytic or the Lysogenic ( active or dormant)
Cultivating viruses in a living embryo or animal is called In vivo
Cultivation viruses in cells or tissues is called In vitro
When cultivation viruses on agar plate and viruses destroy bacteria in areas that appear clear, these areas are called Plaques
Prion is Protein fiber that causes disease to the central N.S. brain
Satellite viruses are Viruses that require other viruses for their replication
Viroid's are In plants , are 1/10 th the size of normal virus, lack a capsid and are just a naked RNA
How are Cytopathic effects detected Examine infected cell with a microscope
3 reasons for cultivating viruses To isolate viruses from clinical specimens, Make vaccines, Research biology of viruses
Reason why it is harder to make antiviral drugs vs. antibacterial drugs Antiviral drugs often target Host Cell
Characteristics of the Capsid Composed entirely of Protein, Icosahedral or Helix shaped, Protect genetic material, Composed of Capsomeres and May bind to surface of Host Cell.
Viruses that undergo Lysogeny are considered what Temperate Phage
What % of human DNA is Viral DNA 8 %
Lysogenic bacteria Viral DNA inserted into host DNA and bacteria continues to grow with an altered DNA
Created by: scones and joe
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