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175 Virus
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Name for fully formed virus, the entire virus particle | Virion |
The Genome in the virus is considered what | The total nucleic acid content of the virus |
The three classifications of a virus are | Chemical composition, structure, genetic make up |
Obligate Intracellular Parasites definition | Virus can not multiple outside of a Host. |
DNA and RNA structures in the virus | Can be Single Stranded or Double Stranded and can be Linear or Circular |
What combination of genetic material is in virus | Either DNA or RNA, can not be both |
Filterable definition | Viruses can move thru filters that stop bacteria |
Protein and Enzyme synthesis abilities | Can NOT produce proteins or enzymes but may have enzymes |
Outer surface of virus made up of subunits that encloses the genetic material | Capsid |
Subunits that make up the Capsid | Capsomeres |
Term used to identify the Capsid and the genetic core | Nucleocapsid |
Additional cover to the Capsid that is made up of part of the Host cells membrane upon viral exocytosis | Envelope |
Name for virus without envelope | Naked Virus |
Appendages that allow the virus to attach to its Host | Protein Spikes |
2 shapes for the Capsomeres are | Helix and Icosahedral |
Purpose of the genes in the virus | Only genes that are required to invade the host and redirect the cells activity |
Positive Sense RNA | Single Stranded RNA that is ready for immediate translation |
Negative Sense RNA | Single Stranded RNA that is NOT ready for immediate translation |
Name of Enzyme carried by virus that produces DNA from their own RNA | Reverse Transcriptase as used with Retroviruses |
Retroviruses are | Animal Viruses that use Reverse Transcriptase to create DNA from RNA, the DNA then gets inserted into the Host cells genome, as in HIV |
Steps of Muliplication | ADsorption, Penetration, Uncoating, Synthesis, Assembly, Release |
Host Range is | Virus can only attach to a host cell that it has an exact fit to the host cells receptors |
Tropism is | The action of the virus only being able to attach to a host cell that it is specifically designed for |
2 forms of Penetration | Endocytosis and Fusion |
2 forms of Release | Exocytosis and by the cell rupturing or cell Lysis |
Name for Virus induced damage to the host cell that causes changes to the host cell | Cytopathic Effects |
Term for viral damage that causes host cells to fuse together | Syncytia or Giant Cell |
When a host cell maintains a relationship with the virus that can last weeks or years is | Persistent Infection |
When the animal viral DNA is incorporated into the host cell DNA and is later transcribed to produce more viral RNA ; Dormant | Provirus; like the Shingles |
When a virus permanently changes the genetic make up of the host cell causing it to become caner is | Oncogenic and the virus is called Oncoviruses |
Oncoviruses are | Cancer causing viruses |
Transformation implies that what has happened to the cell | Viral Transformation implies that the Host Cell is changed |
Viruses that attack Bacteria are called | Bacteriophages, Every bacteria is affected by these, mostly dsDNA; robot looking |
Lysogeny | Is the same action as Provirus that affects animal cells, Lysogeny is for bacteria; in Dormant stage |
Lytic | Is the active pathway that the virus takes, opposite to Lysogeny |
Temperate Phage | Bacteriophages that can choose between which pathway to take either the Lytic or the Lysogenic ( active or dormant) |
Cultivating viruses in a living embryo or animal is called | In vivo |
Cultivation viruses in cells or tissues is called | In vitro |
When cultivation viruses on agar plate and viruses destroy bacteria in areas that appear clear, these areas are called | Plaques |
Prion is | Protein fiber that causes disease to the central N.S. brain |
Satellite viruses are | Viruses that require other viruses for their replication |
Viroid's are | In plants , are 1/10 th the size of normal virus, lack a capsid and are just a naked RNA |
How are Cytopathic effects detected | Examine infected cell with a microscope |
3 reasons for cultivating viruses | To isolate viruses from clinical specimens, Make vaccines, Research biology of viruses |
Reason why it is harder to make antiviral drugs vs. antibacterial drugs | Antiviral drugs often target Host Cell |
Characteristics of the Capsid | Composed entirely of Protein, Icosahedral or Helix shaped, Protect genetic material, Composed of Capsomeres and May bind to surface of Host Cell. |
Viruses that undergo Lysogeny are considered what | Temperate Phage |
What % of human DNA is Viral DNA | 8 % |
Lysogenic bacteria | Viral DNA inserted into host DNA and bacteria continues to grow with an altered DNA |