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CHapter 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| State | a sovereign territory, recognized as a country by other states under international law. A state has a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and is recognized by other states |
| Territoriality | sense of ownership and attachment to a specific territory |
| Peace of Westphalia | treaties negotiated in 1648 that formally recognized the sovereignty of states |
| Sovereignty | the legal authority to have the last say over a territory. under international law, states are sovereign |
| Territorial Integrity | right of a state to defend sovereign territory against incursion from other states |
| Colonialism | physically taking over a territory and people and controlling the economy and government |
| Mercantilism | an early form of capitalism based on trading large quantities of goods, using gold and silver as currencies |
| Nation | a group of people with a shared past and common future who relate to each other and share a common political goal |
| Imagined Community | a socially constructed identity that is imagined because the people in the group will never meet each other and simply believe they have a similarity and shared connection |
| Nation-State | a nation and a state who share the same borders |
| Multinational State | state with more than one nation |
| Multistate Nation | nation that stretches across states |
| Stateless Nation | a nation that does not have a state |
| First Wave of Colonialism | from the late 1400's to 1850's, when Europeans colonized the Americas and coastal Africa |
| Second Wave of Colonialism | from the 1850's to 1960's, when Europeans colonized Africa and Asia in the context of the industrial revolution |
| World-Systems Theory | theory originated by Immanuel Wallerstein and illuminated by his three-tier structure, proposing that social change in and economic wealth in the periphery is inextricably linked to the core |
| Capitalism | economic system where people, corporations, and states produce goods and services and trade them on the world market with the goal of making a profit |
| Commodification | transformation of goods and services into products that can be bought, sold, or traded |
| Core | places in the world economy where core processes dominate |
| Periphery | places in the world economy where periphery processes dominate |
| Semi-Periphery | places where core and periphery processes are both occurring; places that are exploited by the core but in turn exploit the periphery |
| Centripetal Forces | in nationalism, attributes of a nation that can be activated or manipulated to unite the nation, such as national iconography, patriotism, shared culture and history, or common religion or ideology |
| Centrifugal Forces | in nationalism, attributes of a nation that can be activated or manipulated to divide the nation, such as unequal distribution of wealth, or religious, linguistic, ethnic, and ideological differences |
| Unitary States | a state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state |
| Federal States | divides the territory into regions that exercise significant control over their own affairs |
| Devolution | transfer of power from central government to regional or local government within a state |
| Democracy | government by the people where the people are sovereign and have the final say over what happens within a state |
| Reapportionment | redistribution of representatives based on population change |
| Splitting | a redistricting practice where a minority population is divided across districts to ensure the majority population controls each district |
| Majority-Minority districts | electoral district where the majority of the people in the district are from a minority |
| Gerrymandering | manipulating electoral districts to give one political party unfair advantage |
| Boundary | a plane that stretches beneath the subsoil and into the airspace that legally divides two countries |
| Geometric Boundaries | political boundaries defined and delimited as a straight line or an arc |
| Physical-Political boundaries | political boundary defined by a prominent physical feature in the physical landscape, such as a riverbank or the crest of a mountain range |
| Heartland Theory | british geographer Halford Mackinder's theory that a political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world |
| Unilateralism | world order in which one state is in a position of global dominance |
| Deterritorialization | movement of economic, social, and cultural processes out of the hands of states |
| Reterritorialization | when a local culture shapes an aspect of popular culture as their own, adopting the popular culture to their local culture |
| Supranational Organizations | an organization of three or more states involving formal, political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives |
Created by:
pl251101
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