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Chapter 8
Chaptr 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| State | A sovereign territory, recognized as a country by other states under international law; has a defined territory, permanent population, and a government |
| Territoriality | Sense of ownership and attachment to a specific territory |
| Peace of Westphalia | Treaties negotiated in 1648 that formally recognized the sovereignty of states |
| Sovereignty | The legal authority to have the last say over a territory; under international law, states are sovereign |
| Territorial integrity | Right of a state to defend sovereign territory against incursion from other states |
| Colonialism | Physically taking over a territory and people and controlling the economy and government |
| Mercantilism | An early form of capitalism based of trading large quantities of goods, using gold and silver as currencies |
| Nation | A group of people with a shared past and common future who relate to each other and share a common political goal |
| Imagined community | A socially constructed identity that is imagines because the people in the group will never meet each other and simply believe they have a similarity and shared connection |
| Nation-state | A nation and a state who share the same borders |
| Multinational state | A state with more than one nation |
| Multistate nation | A nation that stretches across a state |
| Stateless nation | A nation that does not have a state |
| First wave of colonialism | From the late 1400s to 1850s, when Europeans colonized the Americas and coastal Africa |
| Second wave of colonialism | From the 1850s to 1960s, when Europeans colonized Africa and Asia in the context of the industrial revolution |
| World-Systems Theory | Theory originated by Immanual Wallerstein and illuminated by his three-tier structure, proposing that social change in and extreme economic wealth in the periphery is inextricably linked to the core |
| Capitalism | Economic system where people, corporations, and states produce goods and services and trade them on the world market with the goal of making a profit |
| Commodification | Transformation of goods and services into products that can be bought, sold, or traded |
| Core | Places in the world economy where core processes dominate |
| Periphery | Places in the world economy where periphery processes dominate |
| Semi-periphery | Places where core and periphery processes are both occurring; places that are exploited by the law core but in turn exploit the periphery |
| Centripetal forces | Attributes of a nation that can be activated or manipulated to unite the nation |
| Centrifugal forces | Attributes of a nation that can be activated or manipulated to divide the nation |
| Unitary states | A state that has centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state |
| Federal states | States that have substantial authority over matters such as education, land use, and infrastructure planning |
| Devolution | Transfer of power from central government to regional or local government within a state |
| Democracy | Government by the people where the people are sovereign and have the final say over what happens within a state |
| Reapportionment | Redistribution of representatives based on population change |
| Splitting | A redistricting practice where a minority population is divided across districts to ensure the majority population controls each district (dilution) |
| Majority-minority districts | Electoral district where the majority of the people in the district are from a minority group |
| Gerrymandering | Manipulating electoral districts to give one political party an unfair advantage |
| Boundary | A plane that stretches beneath the subsoil and into the airspace that legally divides two countries |
| Geometric boundaries | Political boundaries defined and delimited as a straight line or an arc |
| Physical-political boundaries | Political boundary defined by a prominent physical feature in the physical landscape, such as a riverbank or the crest of a mountain range |
| Heartland theory | Halford Mackinder's theory that a political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world |
| Unilateralism | World order in which one state is in a position of global dominance |
| Deterritorialization | Movement of economic, social, and cultural processes out of the hands of states |
| Reterritorialization | When a local culture shapes an aspect of popular culture as their own, adopting the popular culture to their local culture |
| Supranational organizations | An organization of three or more states involving formal political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives |
Created by:
RomyConn
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