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Chapter 7 Cells
medical
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | is the study of the form and structure of an organism |
| physiology | is the study of the processes of living organisms, or why and how they work |
| pathophysiology | is the study of how disease occurs and the responses of living organisms to disease processes |
| protoplasm | the basic substance of all life |
| cell | are microscopic structures that carry on all the functions of life |
| cell membrane | the outer protective covering of the cell;semipermeable |
| cytoplasm | a semifluid inside the cell but outside the nucleus; site for all chemical reactions |
| organelles | cell structures that help a cell to function, are located in the cytoplasm. |
| nucleus | a mass in the cytoplasm; brain of the cell |
| nucleolus | one or more small, round bodies located inside the nucleus, and important in cell reproduction |
| chromatin | located in the nucleus and made of DNA and protein |
| gene | the structures that carry inherited characteristics |
| genome | is the total mass of genetic instruction humans inherit from their parents. |
| centrosome | located in the cytoplasm and near the nucleus; create an even division of the chromosomes in the two new cells. |
| mitochondria | rod-shaped organelles located throughout the cytoplasm; called furnaces or powerhouses of the cell because they break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats |
| golgi apparatus | a stack of membrane layers located in the cytoplasm; produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell |
| endoplasmic reticulum | fine network of tubular structures located in the cytoplasm; allows for the transport of materials in and out of the nucleus and also aids in the synthesis and storage of proteins. |
| vacuoles | pouchlike structures found throughtout the cytoplasm filled with a watery substance, stored food, or waste products |
| lysosomes | oval or round bodies found throughout the cytoplasm and contain digestive enzymes |
| pinocytic vesicles | pocketlike folds in the cell membrane that allow large molecules to enter the cell |
| mitosis | a form of asexual reproduction |
| meiosis | sex cells divide |
| stem cells | have the ability to transform themselves int any of the body's specialized cells and perform many different functions |
| tissue | when cells of the same type join together for a common purpose |
| dehydration | insufficient fluids |
| edema | swelling of the tissues when there is too much tissue fluid |
| epithelial tissue | covers the surface of the body and main tissue in the skin |
| connective tissue | supporting fabric of organs and other body parts |
| nerve tissue | made up of neurons and contro and coordinates body activities by transmitting messages throughout the body |
| muscle tissue | produces power and movement by contraction of muscle fibers |
| organ | two or more tissues joined together to perform a specific function |
| system | organs and other body parts joined together to perform a particular function |
Created by:
yerany
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