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UNIT III - CARBOHYDR
CARBOHYDRATES
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. They are a major food source and a key form of energy for most organisms | Carbohydrates |
| 2. It means containing several alcohol groups | Polyhydroxy |
| 3. What are the elements that contains carbohydrates? | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen |
| 4. What are the three major categories of carbohydrates? | Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides |
| 5. Carbohydrates are formed by ______ with the _______ take from the air and water from photosynthesis | Plants, carbon dioxide |
| 6. These are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures that mirror images of one another | Stereoisomers |
| 7. It is a type of isomer where the order of the atoms in the two molecules is the same but their arrangement in space is different. | Stereoisomers |
| 8. A molecule is _____ if it is not superimposable on its mirror image. This means that none of its conformations (out of the infinite number of them) has a plane of symmetry through it. | Chiral |
| 9. These are two molecules with the same configuration but different conformation | Conformational isomers |
| 10. These are mirror images of chiral molecules | Enantiomers |
| 11. These are stereoisomers that are not conformers or enantiomers. These are not mirror images of one another and are non-superimposable on one another. | Diastereomers |
| 12. A molecule can be chiral and have one or more chiral centers. | TRUE |
| 13. Meso molecules do not have enantiomers (since they are identical to their mirror image), but they can have diastereomers. | TRUE |
| 14. Are simple sugars, the most common of which is glucose | Monosaccharides |
| 15. If the sugar has an aldehyde group, it is known as an _____ | Aldose |
| 16. If the sugar has a ketone group, it is known as an _____ | Ketose |
| 17. What is the chemical formula of Glucose? | C6H12O6 |
| 18. Is a five-carbon simple sugar containing an aldehyde group? | Aldopentose |
| 19. Is a six-carbon simple sugar containing a ketone group? | Ketohexose |
| 20. Is a three-carbon simple sugar? | Trioses |
| 21. They are formed during the metabolic breakdown of hexoses in muscle metabolism | Trioses |
| 22. These are four-carbon sugars. | Tetroses |
| 23. These are five-carbon sugar molecules | Pentoses |
| 24. is an intermediary in the pentose phosphate shunt | D- ribulose (C5H10O5 ) |
| 25. It is found in the heart muscle | D-lyxose |
| 26. These are components of glycoproteins | D-xylose and D- arabinose |
| 27. These are six-carbon sugars that are the most common of all carbohydrates | Hexoses |
| 28. It is also known as dextrose or grape sugar and is found normally in blood stream and in tissue fluids | Glucose |
| 29. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and insoluble in most organic liquids. | Glucose |
| 30. It is the presence of glucose in urine. | Glycosuria |
| 31. It is an isomer of glucose also an aldohexose. | Galactose |
| 32. Two sugars that differ only in the configuration about a single carbon atom | Epimers |
| 33. It is the inability of the infants to metabolize galactose because of the deficiency of either enzyme | Galactosemia |
| 34. Is a ketohexose often called levulose or fruit sugar? | Fructose |
| 35. It occurs naturally in fruit juices and honey And is the most soluble and the sweetest among the sugar. | Fructose |
| 36. How many percent does fructose sweeter than glucose? | 75 percent |
| 37. Fructose intolerance, is an inherited disease due to deficiency of the enzyme Fructose 1-Phosphate aldolase. | Fructosemia |
| 38. It is form when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction | Disaccharides |
| 39. It is fairly soluble and Lactose is only slightly soluble. | Maltose |
| 40. This is the most common disaccharides that is very soluble in water, which is composed of the monomers glucose and fructose. | Sucrose |
| 41. A covalent bond formed between a carbohydrate molecule and another molecule is known as ___ | Glycosidic bond |
| 42. It is disaccharide consisting of the monomers glucose and galactose and is found naturally in milk | Lactose |
| 43. It is a disaccharide formed by a dehydration reaction between two glucose molecules | Maltose or malt sugar |
| 44. These are complex sugar and are Polymers of monosaccharides | Polysaccharides |
| 45. It is a major component if tough cell walls that surround plant cells, and is what makes plant stems, leaves, and branches so strong. | Cellulose |
| 46. It is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants as energy storage. | Starch |
| 47. It is a multi-branched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria. It is mainly stored in in the liver and muscles cells. | Glycogen |
| 48. A tough, semitransparent substance that is the main component of the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as the shells of crustaceans and the outer coverings of insects | Chitin |
| 49. It is also found in the cell walls of certain fungi and algae. | Chitin |
| 50. These are highly compact polymers that are used for energy storage. | Starch and glycogen |
| 51. These are linear polymers that are used for structural support in plants and animals, respectively. | Cellulose and chitin |
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nivera00
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