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Stufflet APUSH U6P2
Unit 6--Part 2-- APUSH
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bessemer Process | allowed or mass production of steel; process by which blasted air through molten iron made stronger steel |
| Andrew Carnegie | steel magnate whose steel company used vertical integration to control every phase of the steelmaking process; he became major philanthropist after selling his steel company |
| J. P. Morgan | businessman who bought Carnegie Steel in 1900 for $400 million and formed US Steel |
| John D. Rockefeller | formed Standard Oil and utilized horizontal integration |
| horizontal integration | process by which one company buys out all other companies within the same level of the supply chain |
| vertical integration | process by which one company buys up all other companies at every level of the supply chain |
| Robber Barons | negative term used to describe rich capitalists who were supposedly harming the common man by making millions off products they sold |
| laissez faire (“let it be”) | idea that said business should NOT be regulated by govt, BUT instead by laws of supply and demand |
| Social Darwinism | idea that said rich people were more “fit” of human species; poor people were “unfit”; said welfare would hurt human species by preserving the “unfit” |
| Thomas Edison | invented phonograph, light bulb, generator; set up research facility at Menlo Park, NJ; mass produced electricity |
| Scientific management/Taylorism | idea that to increase efficiency, large jobs were broken into small steps and workers did one thing ALL day |
| Knights of Labor | union led by Terence Powderley; desired socialist society (more radical); included African-Americans and women |
| American Federation of Labor | union led by Samuel Gompers; concentrated on wages and working conditions (less radical); skilled, white, males |
| Haymarket Riot | riot of radical workers in Chicago in 1886 that caused decline in Knights of Labor |
| Lockouts | pressures workers into accepting management’s offer by not letting workers come to work |
| Blacklisting | circulating names of pro-union people so they can’t be hired in industry |
| Yellow-dog contracts | contract that said if workers wanted a job, they couldn’t join union |
| Pinkerton Guards | private guards hired by management to break strikes by force |
| Homestead Strike | strike of Pittsburgh steelworkers in 1892 broken by Pinkerton Guards hired by Andrew Carnegie |
| Great Migration | movement of African-Americans north between 1890 and 1930 |
| Settlement houses | community houses run usually by young Protestant women that provided social services for poor immigrants in cities |
| Jane Addams | ran Hull House (settlement house in Chicago) |
| Foran Act | made it illegal for a company to aid in the immigration of laborers by giving them a contract; aimed at unskilled immigrants |
| Sears and Roebuck | one of the 1st mail order catalog companies |
| "new" immigration | comprised of southern and eastern Europeans |
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