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Chapter 7
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Religion | system of beliefs that order life in terms of ultimate priorities and direct behavior and practices in reference to achieving the ultimate priorities |
| Secularism | indifference to or rejection of religion |
| monotheistic religion | Belief in one god |
| polytheistic religion | Belief in many gods |
| Animistic religions | traditional or indigenous religion where animals or objects are significant |
| Universalizing religions | a religion believed by its followers to have universal application and to which followers actively seek converts |
| ethnic religion | A religion into which people are born and whose followers do not actively seek converts |
| Hinduism | religion based on a range of beliefs, including karma and reincarnation |
| Caste system | social structure of south Asian society dating to the Indus civilization where people are born into their place in society |
| Buddhism | Religion based on the belief that humans can reach enlightenment by following the middle path. |
| Shintoism | religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism. Focuses on nature and ancestor worship |
| Feng Shui | Chinese art and science of placement and orientation of tombs, dwellings, buildings, and cities. Structures and objects are positioned to channel flow of sheng-chi in favorable ways. |
| Confucianism | Political philosophy that values benevolence, loyalty, and diligence within the structure of family and the government. Developed from the writings of Confucius. Hearth in China and thought of as a core element of Chinese culture. |
| Judaism | Religion based on the belief in one God who revealed himself to and entered a covenant with Abraham. |
| Diaspora | Dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place, voluntarily or by force |
| Zionism | Movement for the establishment of a national homeland for Jews in the land between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River |
| Christianity | Religion based on the belief that Jesus was born as the son of God, was crucified, and was resurrected to atone for peoples' sins. |
| Roman catholic church | One of three major branches of Christianity |
| Eastern Orthodox Church | One of three major branches of Christianity |
| Protestant | One of three major branches of Christianity |
| Islam | Religion based on the belief in one God who revealed himself to the prophet Muhammad. |
| Sunni | Sect of Islam that believes Muhammad's successor did not need to be a blood relative of Muhammad |
| Shi'ite | Sect of Islam that believes Muhammad's successor needed to be a blood relative of Muhammad. Found commonly around Iran |
| Indigenous religions | belief systems and philosophies practiced and traditionally passed from generation to generation among peoples within an indigenous tribe or group |
| Sacred sites | A place infused with religious or spiritual meaning |
| Hajj | Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad |
| interfaith boundaries | boundaries between the world's major faiths |
| intrafaith boundaries | boundaries between sects within a single major faith |
| religious fundamentalism | Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy |
| religious extremism | religious fundamentalism carried out to the point of violence |
| jihad | Commonly translated as "holy war", jihad represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards set by the Qu'ran |
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Pl251151
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