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Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plato’s ideal form of government? He stated his philosophy in his work The Republic. | He believed that individuals should live in a just and rational state. |
| Rome’s first code of law | The twelve tablets |
| What are some major differences between the Greco-Roman and Jewish and Christian traditions? | They differ in matters concerning their belief in one god. |
| How did the Classical Greeks think about the individual? It is central to Western political thought today. | Individual achievement, dignity and worth are of great importance. |
| A cornerstone of our government today is based upon some political ideas that came from Montesquieu. What are they? | His analysis of the governmental system of checks and balances. |
| Rousseau wanted society to be governed by what? | Rousseau |
| One of the accomplishments of the French Revolution was a document that was based upon the Declaration of Independence? What document? | The french national assembly vow to continue to meet until they had produced a french constitution. |
| The thinking behind the Enlightenment Era and how the people should be governed. | The Declaration of rights of man and the citizen. |
| What provisions were contained in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen? | A policy of dechristionization , and adopting a new calendar. |
| What reforms did Napoleon introduce to France? | An end to tax exemptions, freedom of speech, freedom of the press |
| Philosophies of John Locke. | In the Two Treatises of Government, he defended the claim that men are by nature free and equal against claims that God had made all people naturally subject to a monarch. |
| What Enlightenment philosopher published Two Treatises of Government, in which he detailed his beliefs regarding natural rights, including the right to life, liberty and property? | Two Treatises of Government, major statement of the political philosophy of the English philosopher John Locke, published in 1689 but substantially composed some years before then. |
| What was the Glorious Revolution all about? | The Glorious Revolution, involved the overthrow of the Catholic king James II, who was replaced by his Protestant daughter Mary and her Dutch husband, William of Orange. |
| Why is the Magna Carta significant in the history of democratic ideas? | As the cornerstone for the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights, the Magna Carta piloted the idea of asserting one's rights as an individual. |
| What factors contributed to the rise of the Industrial Revolution in England Britain? | The new inventions, access to raw materials, trade routes and partners, social changes, and a stable government all paved the way for Britain to become an industry-driven country. |
| The Textile industry met its last major challenge to full mechanization with the development of what? | Improvements to the steam engine. |
| The Industrial Revolution created new jobs in what? | Large factories and coal mines. |
| Nationalism v. Patriotism | By 'patriotism' I mean devotion to a particular place and a particular way of life, which one believes to be the best in the world but has no wish to force upon other people. Nationalism, on the other hand, is inseparable from the desire for power. |
| More on Nationalism v. Patriotism | nationalism is “the policy or doctrine of asserting the interests of one’s own nation viewed as separate from the interests of other nations or the common interests of all nations.” |
| What social change was brought about by the Industrial Revolution | The Industrial Revolution had many positive effects. Among those was an increase in wealth, the production of goods, and the standard of living. People had access to healthier diets, better housing, and cheaper goods. |
| What was the objective of the Romantic artists? | Romantic art focused on emotions, feelings, and moods of all kinds including spirituality, imagination, mystery, and fervor. The subject matter varied widely including landscapes, religion, revolution, and peaceful beauty. |
| How long did the Enlightenment Period last? | (1685-1815) |
| Mohandas Gandhi | Mahatma Gandhi, byname of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Indian lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer who became the leader of the nationalist movement against the British rule of India. |
| What did a growing Indian distrust of the British lead to? | It lead to India declaring independence from Britain |
| Democracy | a type of Greek government in which all citizens administered the workings of the government |
| Enlightenment view of women | The Enlightenment came to advance ideals of liberty, progress, and tolerance. For those women who were able to discuss and advance new ideals, discourse on religion, political and social equality, |
| The Declaration of Independence state that government should protect natural rights that were stated in what document. | Bill of Rights |
| How did the US Constitution reflect the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers? | Montesquieu's ideas were also used in the US constitution. Montesquieu believed in the separation of power with checks and balances. Checks and balances are put in place to ensure that no one branch of government has too much power. |
| How did France’s revolutionaries follow the examples set by leaders of the American Revolution? What did they write? | he newly-formed government of the United States also became a model for French reformers. Ideas that were once just abstract thoughts. |
| Napoleonic Code and the Enlightenment principles | A It guaranteed women equal rights. B It valued individual rights above all else. C It guaranteed the equality of all citizens before the law. |
| What is a direct result of the discovery that germs cause disease? | Improved Sanitation. |
| What had the greatest impact on the improvement of working conditions in the 1800s? | The people started to unionise and ask for better conditions. Laws that help workers also passed. |
| What contributed to German’s growth as an industrial power under Bismarck? | substantial iron and coal reserves |
| Most to the growth of nationalism in the Balkans? | Nationalism was the reason for the balkans. |
| What had great power in the Third Republic in France? | The Third Republic established many French colonial possessions, including French Indochina, French Madagascar, French Polynesia, and large territories in West Africa |
| Why were the British able to conquer India’s vast territory? | The British were able to take control of India mainly because India was not united. |
| What did Japan gain control over which aided in it becoming an imperialist power? | japan was able to dominate in the sale of manufactured goods, especially textiles, to those areas abroad that it was closer to geographically than were the Western powers. |
| Which system of law appeared first? | The Code of Ur-Nammu is the oldest known law code surviving today. It is from Mesopotamia and is written on tablets, in the Sumerian language c. 2100–2050 BC. |
| Aristotle | was a Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist who is still considered one of the greatest thinkers in politics, psychology and ethics. |
| Why did Christianity first begin to spread quickly through the Roman Empire? | Rome made it legal. |
| Why did King John not want to sign the Magna Carta? | He gave up power and had to obey the law even though he was a king. |
| A cause of the French Revolution. | The upheaval was caused by widespread discontent with the French monarchy and the poor economic policies of King Louis XVI |
| The most political form in classical Mediterranean world | Democracy |
| The disease that took many lives in the fourteenth century | The Black Death |
| Middle Passage | Middle Passage, the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World. |
| Which Enlightenment Thinker gave us the principle of “the ends will justify the means” approach to government? | Niccolò Machiavelli |
| The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 | The Monroe Doctrine is the best known U.S. policy toward the Western Hemisphere. |
| Primary objective of the Declaration of Independence | Its goals were to rally the troops, win foreign allies, and to announce the creation of a new country. |
| One effect of the French Revolution | King louis XVI |
| Nationalism | identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations. |
Created by:
Tristan McGee
Popular U.S. History sets