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Chapter 6

QuestionAnswer
Language A set of sounds and symbols that are used for communication
Mutual intelligibility The ability of two people to understand each other when speaking
Standard language The variant of a language that a country's political and intellectual elite seek to promote as the normal language
Dialect Variants of a standard along regional or ethic lines
Dialect chain A group of continuous dialects where the dialects nearest to each other geographically are most similar to each other then dialects further away
Isogloss A geographic boundary where linguistic features occur
Language family Group of languages with a shared but distant origin
Language subfamilies Divisions within a language family where commonalities are definite and the origin is more recent
Cognate A word in one language that shares an origin with a word in another language
Language divergence Process where new languages are formed from one language
Backward reconstruction Tracking sound shifts and hardening consonants backward to uncover an original language
Language convergence Process where two languages collapse into one
Extinct language A language without any notice speakers
Conquest theory Idea that early speakers of Pronto-Indo-European left the hearth area and moved westward, beginning diffusion of different Indo-European languages
Agriculture theory The theory that the Pronto-Indo-European language spread with the diffusion of agriculture
Vernacular A language used in everyday interaction among a group of people in a local area
Lingua franca Language used for trade or culture interaction among people who speak different languages
Pidgin language Combination of two or more languages in a simplified structure and vocabulary
Creole language A language that begins as a pidgin language and was later adopted as the mother tongue of the people
Toponym The name of a place
Created by: RomyConn
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