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Impact of Economy
Middle East Test Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| civilization | highly developed society |
| Indus Valley | an area of land that is located along the Indus River in present-day Pakistan and India |
| irrigation | the channeling of water to fields to help crops grow |
| Mesopotamia | an area of land that is located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the Middle East; means "land between two rivers" |
| growth | civilizations emerged in river valleys because the conditions were good for supporting __________________ |
| kings and royal families | The ancient Chinese were governed by _____ |
| praroahs | the rulers of Egypt, believed by their people to be descended of the sun god. |
| priest | Each city-state in Sumer had its own government, which was headed by a _________________________ |
| Sumer | Mesopotamia was home to civilizations like the __________ |
| China | Huang He Valley location |
| India | Indus Valley location |
| irrigation systems | a common element between all early river valley civilizations was the development of ____________ _____________ |
| many gods | early river valley civilizations believed in ________________ ___________________ |
| rivers | early river valley civilizations developed around one or more __________________because this allowed for surplus crops to be grown and support their growing populations |
| oasis | a small, fertile area in the desert, usually a place where water is close to the surface |
| water | This physical feature is the primary factor determining settlement patterns in North Africa and Southwest Asia. |
| transportation | one of the world's earliest civilizations grew up in Mesopotamia because of the fertile soil, water availability, and access to ______________________ near rivers |
| overgrazing | Problems faced by agricultural communities in the region include water availability, salinization, and _____________________ of land |
| Western | globalization affected the region's cities by evidence of ________________ architecture |
| Fertile Crescent | an area of land that is shaped like a crescent moon that extends from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea |
| Huang He River | river which flows through north-central China and empties into the Yellow Sea, also known as the Yellow River |
| Nile Valley | an area of land that is located along the Nile River in present-day Egypt |
| silt | rich soil that is deposited by a river |
| Bolan River | Farmers may have moved to the Indus Valley from the _________________________ area because the river dried up |
| Egypt | Nile Valley location |
| out-migration | movement from one's homeland to another country |
| salinization | an accumulation of higher than normal salt content in the soil |
| pastoral nomadism | the practice, most common in areas with limited resources, of moving herds from one place to another |
| mechanized | _____________________ agricultural methods have boosted crop production. |
| water | Improved ____________________ delivery systems have enabled people to live in formerly uninhabited areas. |
| globalization | Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope. This has increased urbanization in Northern Africa and SW Asia |
| herders | pastoral nomads were ___________ who moved from place to place with their animals |
| trade routes | the highest concentration of people are usually near water sources or _________________________ (ports) |
| Islamic | Narrowing, winding streets, walled city centers, and mosques in the city center are all influences of ________________ culture in urban landscape |
| employment | globalization affected the region's cities by providing increased __________________ opportunities |
| housing | Regional urban centers faced challenges like pollution, lack of ____________________, and inadequate services like transportation and sanitation |
| capital goods | machines, factories, technologies, buildings, and tools used in the production of other goods |
| culture | the beliefs, values, arts, customs, religion, and ways of life of a particular people |
| specialization | the focus on a specific good or service, for more efficiency |
| human | _____________ capital is the investment in education and training for people in a given country |
| capital | _________________ goods are the investment in factories and technology in a given country. |
| Arab | ethnic group located in countries throughout the Arabian Peninsula, speak Arabic, most are Muslim, largest ethnic group in Middle East |
| Kurds | ethnic group located in the mountains of Iraq, Iran, and Turkey; speak Kurdish; Sunni Muslims and Shiite Muslims |
| Persians | Ethnic group that settled in what is now Iran; speak Farsi; Shia Islam religion |
| Farsi | Language of Iran based on Arabic alphabet |
| Islam | Dominant religion in the Middle East |
| education | higher literacy rates in a country are usually related to more money devoted to ______________ from a country's GDP each year |
| command | Saudi Arabia has a mixed economy but it leans more towards a _____________ economy because the government controls a lot of things related to profits in the country |
| command economy | An economic system in which the government controls a country's economy. |
| market economy | economic system in which decisions on production and consumption of goods and services are based on voluntary exchange in markets; people have the freedom to open businesses and profit from their sales; government has the LEAST amount of involvement |
| mixed economy | an economic system combining private and public enterprise |
| traditional economy | An economy in which production is based on customs and traditions and economic roles are typically passed down from one generation to the next; trade and bartering takes precedent over money |
| oil | the most dominant natural resource used by countries like Iraq |
| OPEC | The purpose of ___________ is to determine oil prices and set policies for the production of oil |
| ethnic group | Group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion, customs, or combination of such characteristics |
| religious group | a group with a belief system in a god or gods, with a specific set of rituals and literature |
| drought | long period of dry weather resulting in water shortages |
| endemic | unique to a particular place or region |
| food security | the ability to produce or import enough food to nourish the population |
| population | the effects of a growing ___________________ have been constant conflict over land, water, and employment as well as increased participation in extremist groups |
| Arab-Israeli | a long-running conflict that centers on security for Israel and independence for Palestinians. Most political analysts believe that the ___________________ conflict will play less of a role in regional politics in the future. |
| cultural group | An increasing number of the region's young people are identifying themselves by their _____. |
| democracy | The movement toward _____________________ in the Middle East will be a gradual process, but most people generally want a voice in the policies that affect their lives |
| land management | The effects of poor __________ ________________ practices include desertification (increased aridity) and increased salinization (salty soil). |
| degradation | a decline to a lower condition, quality, or level |
| fundamentalism | Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect). |
| Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Libya | These nations have abundant oil resources. |
| Israel and Turkey | These nations have strong economies even though they have no oil reserves. |
| faster | the economy of Egypt will need to grow ____________ than its growing population to survive |
| territory | As a result of the Six Day War of 1967, Israel increased its _________________ |
| politics | Islam is reasserting itself into personal lives and regional ______________________ |
| desertification | change causing land to be more arid |
| oil | the major economic challenge of the region is ensuring the stability of the ___________ industry |
| OPEC | stabilizes the oil market, controls oil prices, and provides a stable supply of oil exports |
| social services | providing ___________ _______________ from the government would increase regional stability in the Middle East |
| Political Islam | the incorporation of Islam into government functions |
| brain drain | the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries |
| political system | When analysts in Western cultures use the word fundamentalism in connection with the Middle East, they primarily mean _____. |
| oil | This natural resource supports the economy of many nations in the region. |
| Yemen | the poorest country in the Southwest Asis/Northern Africa region |
| power | Political leaders use Islam to gain ______________ |
| limit | Political Islam wants to _________________ access to technology |
| terrorism | the events of 9/11 in the United States led to the War on ____________________ |
| conflicted | term used to describe the political situation in Northern Africa and SW Asia (also unstable and turbulent) |
| independence | main issue of the Arab-Israeli Conflict is the desire for Palestinian ________________ |
| security | main issue of the Arab-Israeli Conflict is the desire for Israeli _________________ |
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