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AP Human Chapter 5
vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Identity | How people make sense of themselves and how they see themselves at different scales |
Identifying against | Constructing an identity by first defining an “other” and then defining self “not the other” |
Gender | Socially constructed ideas of roles, behaviors, and activities that are appropriate for men and women |
Race | Social constructions of differences among humans based on skin color that have had profound consequences on rights and opportunities |
Residential segregation | Degree to which two or more groups live separately from one another, in different parts of an urban environment |
Succession | Process by which new immigrants move to a city and take over areas or neighborhoods occupied by older immigrant groups |
Ethnicity | A social group that shares a common and distinctive culture, religion, language, or the like |
Structures of power | Assumptions and relationships dictating who is in control and who has power over others |
Sexuality | Sexual orientation or preference identified by a person |
Intersectionality | Interconnection and overlap between social categories (e.g. race, sexuality, class, gender) |
Gross national income (GNI) | A measurement of a country’s wealth that includes the total value of all goods and services produced within the borders of a country, plus income received from investments outside of the country in a year |
Formal economy | Economic productivity in agriculture, mining, industry, and services that is counted or taxed by government. Trade is through formal channels, often using credit |
Informal economy | Portion of the economy that is not taxed or regulated by government. Goods and services are exchanged based on barter or cash systems, and earnings are not reported to government |
Vulnerability | Probability of destruction of life or property from a hazard or crisis |
Sex ratio | Number of males relative to number of females in a population |
Dowry | Price paid in cash and gifts through marriage. Generally given by the bride’s family to the groom’s father |
Barrioization | Dramatic increase in Hispanic population in a neighborhood; referring to barrio, the Spanish word for neighborhood (defined by geographer James Curtis) |