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Chapter 16
Sociology 3e
Question | Answer |
---|---|
credentialism | the emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications |
cultural capital | cultural knowledge that serves (metaphorically) as currency to help one navigate a culture |
cultural transmission | the way people come to learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture |
education | a social institution through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms |
formal education | the learning of academic facts and concepts |
grade inflation | the idea that the achievement level associated with an A today is notable lower than the achievement level associated with A-level work a few decades ago |
Head Start Program | a federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status |
hidden curriculum | the type of nonacademic knowledge that people learn through informal learning and cultural transmission |
No Child Left Behind Act | an act that requires states to test students in prescribed grades, with the results of those test determining eligibility to receive federal funding |
social placement | the use of education to improve one's social standing |
sorting | classifying students based on academic merit or potential |
tracking | a formalized sorting system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities |
universal access | the equal ability of all people to participate in an education system |