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USHIST UNIT 3 2020
Mr. Stickler's U.S. History "Settling the West" test flashcards 2020
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the term "boomtowns" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to small towns that seemed to spring up overnight during the Gold Rush era. |
| Who was Henry Comstock? | He was a gold prospector who staked a claim in Six - Mile Canyon near Virginia City, Nevada in 1859. Eventually a vein of pure silver ore was discovered there and was called the "Comstock Lode". |
| Which state had the largest gold field in the western U.S. between 1848 - 1890? | California had these. |
| List two (2) states that had substantial silver fields between 1848 - 1890. | Nevada and Idaho. |
| What does the term "vigilance committees" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "self - appointed volunteers who would track down and punish wrongdoers" in "boomtowns". |
| What typically led to the collapse of "boomtowns"? | This happened when the local mines stopped producing ores (usually gold or silver). |
| List the names of 3 railroads that made stops at towns in the mining region of the western U.S. | 1.) The Denver & Rio Grande Western; 2.) The South Park & Pacific; 3.) The Colorado Midland. |
| Which 3 new states were admitted to the United States in 1889? | North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana. |
| In what year did Arizona have enough people to apply for statehood? | 1912 |
| What does the term "hydraulic mining" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to removing large quantities of earth using water sprayed at very high pressure against hills or mountains where miners were digging for ores (usually gold or silver). |
| List two (2) negative environmental impacts that results from "hydraulic mining". | 1.) Millions of tons of sand, silt, & gravel were washed into riverbeds, which caused them to overflow and flood individual homes and some cities. 2.) Farm land was ruined by rocks & gravel that were left behind by flooding that resulted from this process |
| What does the term "open range" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "a vast area of grassland that the federal government owned" during the late 1800's. Ranchers grazed there herds there free of charge & "unrestricted of private property". |
| Where did Texas Longhorns - a type of cattle - descend from? | This type of cattle descended from Spanish cattle. |
| What role did railroads play in the cattle industry after the Civil War? | These were used to ship cattle to eastern businesses. |
| What does the term "long drive" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "driving cattle long distances to a railroad depot for fast transport and great profit". |
| How many major cattle drive trails existed around 1870? | 5 of these existed during this time. |
| What invention of the late 1800's eventually ended the practice of "long drives"? | The invention of barbed wire did this. |
| List 2 things that helped bring about the end of "long drives" besides barbed wire. | 1.) A huge influx of cattle from overseas markets caused an oversupply of animals on the market which caused prices to drop; 2.) A blizzard that occurred during the 2inter of 1886 - '87 that caused a massive number of cattle to freeze or starve to death. |
| What does the term "haciendas" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "huge ranches that covered thousands of acres" in California. |
| What does the term "forty - niners" refer to? | This term refers to prospectors who went to California searching for gold in 1849. |
| What does the term "barrios" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to Hispanic neighborhoods in El Paso, Albuquerque, and Los Angeles. These areas played a large part in helping keep Hispanic cultural and religious traditions alive. |
| What was the "Homestead Act of 1862"? | This law encouraged the settlement of the Great Plains by allowing individuals and families to claim up to 160 acres of land in this area for a $10 registration fee and an agreement to live on the land and farm it for 5 years. |
| What is a "homestead"? | This is "a tract of public land available for settlement", |
| List 3 things that settlers faced on the Great Plains in the late 1800's. | 1.) Grasshoppers; 2.) Fires/wild fires; 3.) Blizzards/ extreme cold. |
| What is "dry farming"? | This is a technique where seeds are planted deep in the ground where there is enough moisture for them to grow". |
| What does the term "sod busters" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "those who plowed the Plains". |
| In what state did the Wounded Knee incident take place? | South Dakota |
| What area of the U.S. is considered the "Wheat Belt"? | Much of the Dakotas and parts of Nebraska and Kansas are considered part of this. |
| What does the term "bonanza farms" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to wheat farms that could be as large as 50,000 that yielded huge profits for their owners. |
| What led to most large wheat farmers losing their farms and having to be tenant farmers on them instead by 1900? | This was caused by a huge amount of wheat being sent to markets around the world by the 1890's, which caused prices to drop dramatically. |
| What led historian Frederick Jackson Turner to state that there was no more "frontier" left in the United States? | The Oklahoma Land Rush led him to say this. He concluded that there was no longer any land left that was not settled in the United States. |
| What does the term "annuities" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "annual payments from the government". |
| What did the Indian Peace Commission propose in 1867? | This group proposed the creation of 2 large reservations on the Plains: one for the Sioux and one for Native Americans of the Southern Plains. |
| Who was Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer? | He was the leader of the U.S. 7th Cavalry in the late 1800's. |
| Who was Chief Joseph? | He was the leader of the Nez Perce tribe. |
| What does the term "assimilate" mean/ refer to? | This term means "be absorbed". |
| What does the term "allotments" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "a plot of land assigned to an individual or family for cultivation". |
| What was the Dawes Act of 1887? | This Act gave each head of the household 160 acres of reservation land for farming; single adults got 80 acres, and 40 acres were allowed for each child in a family. |
| Complete the following sentence: "The Chisholm Train went from ________________________ to ____________________________." | Southern Texas to Abilene. |
| According to the video that we watched in class - "America - the Story of Us - Westward", who were Lewis and Clark? | They were explorers hired by President Thomas Jefferson to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory and catalog all of the plants, animals, and peoples that they saw there. |
| According to the video that we watched in class - "America - the Story of Us - Westward", who was Jedediah Smith? | He was a "mountaineer" who trapped animals in the Rocky Mountains and sold their furs to clothing makers. One of the trails that he created later became a modern state highway. |
| According to the video that we watched in class - "America - the Story of Us - Westward", who did President Thomas Jefferson buy the Louisiana Territory from? | He purchased this area from Napoleon Bonaparte of France. |
| According to the video that we watched in class - "America - the Story of Us - Westward", who fought at the Battle of the Alamo? | The United States and Mexico fought in this Texas battle. |
| According to the video that we watched in class - "America - the Story of Us - Westward", who signed the Indian Removal Act in 1830? | President Andrew Jackson signed this. |
| What brought a flood of prospectors to Virginia City in 1859? | The discovery of the Comstock Lode - a vein of nearly pure silver ore - did this. |
| What does the term "sod" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "densely packed soil held together by grass roots". This was used by early settlers of the Great Plains to build homes. |
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