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Chapter 4

TermDefinition
Culture A group of belief systems, norms, and values practiced by a people.
Folk culture Folk culture is small, incorporates a homogeneous population, is typically rural, and maintains cultural traits by passing them down through generations.
Popular culture Popular culture is large, incorporates heterogeneous populations, is typically urban, and quickly changes cultural traits.
Local culture A group of people in a certain place who see themselves as a collective or a community, who share experiences and traits, and who work to preserve distinct customs in order to claim uniqueness and to distinguish themselves from others.
Material culture Material culture includes things people construct, such as art, houses, clothing, sports, dance, and foods.
Nonmaterial culture Nonmaterial culture includes beliefs, practices, aesthetics (what is seen as attractive) , and values.
Hierarchical diffusion Spread of an idea or innovation from one person or place to another person or place based on a hierarchy of connectedness.
Hearth Area or place where an idea, innovation, or technology originates.
Customs Practices that a group of people routinely follow.
Assimilation When a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech, and adopts the customs of the dominant culture. Can happen voluntarily or by force.
Indigenous local cultures Experiences, traits, and customs belonging to peoples within an indigenous tribe or group.
Context The physical and human geographies creating the place, environment, and space in which events occur and people act.
Neolocalism Seeking out the regional culture and reinvigorating it in response to the uncertainty of the modern world.
Ethnic neighborhoods Area within an urban area where a relatively large group of people from one ethnic group or local culture lives.
Gentrification The renewal or rebuilding of a lower-income neighborhood.
Cultural appropriation The process by which other cultures adopt customs and knowledge and use them for their own benefit.
Commodification The process through which something (a name, a good, an idea, or even a person) that previously was not regarded as an object to be bought or sold becomes an object that can be bought, sold, and traded in the world market.
Authenticity The idea that one place or experience is the true, actual one.
Distance decay Decreasing likelihood of diffusion with greater distance from the hearth.
Time-space compression Increasing connectedness between world cities from improved communication and transportation networks.
Music festival Events for people to discover new music, see artists perform live, connect with other music followers, and shape their identities.
Hallyu (Hanryu) Waves of South Korean popular culture that move quickly through Asia and that have resulted in significant growth in the South Korean entertainment and tourism industries.
Reterritorialization When a local culture shapes an aspect of popular culture as their own, adopting the popular culture to their local culture.
Stimulus diffusion A process of diffusion where two cultural traits blend to create a distinct trait.
Relocation diffusion Spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them.
Cultural landscape The visible imprint of human activity on the landscape.
Placelessness The loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape to the point that one place looks like the next.
Convergence of cultural landscapes Merging of cultural landscapes that happens with broad diffusion of landscape traits.
Urban morphology The size and shape of a place’s buildings, streets, and infrastructure, tells us a lot, and so too can the shape and size of a local culture’s housing.
Created by: pl250331
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