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Chapter 10
Sociology 3e
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| capital flight | the movement (flight) of capital from one nation to another, via jobs and resources |
| chattel slavery | a form of slavery in which one person owns another |
| core nations | dominant capitalist countries |
| debt accumulation | the buildup of external debt, wherein countries borrow money from other nations to fund their expansion or growth goals |
| debt bondage | the at of people pledging themselves as servants in exchange for money for passage, and are subsequently paid too little to regain their freedom |
| deindustrialization | the loss of industrial production, usually to peripheral and semi peripheral nations where the coasts are lower |
| dependency theory | a theory which states that global inequity is due to the exploitation of peripheral and semi-peripheral nations b core nations |
| first world | a term from the Cold War era that is used to describe industrialized capitalist democracies |
| fourth world | a term that describes stigmatized minority groups who have no voice or representation on the world state |
| GINI coefficient | a measure of income inequality between countries using a 100-point scale, in which 1 represents complete equality and 100 represents the highest possible inequality |
| global feminization of poverty | a pattern that occurs when women bear a disproportionate percentage of the burden of poverty |
| global inequality | the concentration of resources in core nations ad in the hands of a wealthy minority |
| global stratification | the unequal distribution of resources between countries |
| gross national income (GNI) | the income of a nation calculated based on goods and services produced, plus income earned by citizens and corporations headquartered in that country |
| modernization theory | a theory that low-income countries can improve their global economic standing by industrialization of infrastructure and a shift in cultural attitudes toward work |
| peripheral nations | nations on the fringes of the global economy, dominated by core nations, with very little industrialization |
| relative poverty | the state of poverty where one is unable to live the lifestyle of the average person in the country |
| second world | a term from the Cold War era that describes nations with moderate economies and standard of living |
| semi-peripheral nations | in-between nations, not powerful enough to dictate policy but acting as a major source of raw materials and an expanding middle class marketplace |
| subjective poverty | a state of poverty compost of many dimensions, subjectively present when one's actual income does not meet one's expectations |
| third world | a term from the Cold War era that refers to poor, unindustrialized countires |
| underground economy | an unregulated economy of labor and goods that operates outside of governance,, regulatory systems, or human protections |
| extreme poverty | the state where one is barely able, or unable, to afford basic necessities |
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