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Chapter 09
Sociology 3e
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| caste system | a system in which people are born into a social standing that they will retain their entire lives |
| class | a group who shares a common social status based on factors like wealth, income, education, and occupation |
| class sytem | social standing based on social factors and individual accomplishments |
| class traits | the typical behaviors, customs, and norms that define each class (also called class markers) |
| conspicuous consumption | the act of buying and using products to make a statement about social standing |
| David-Moore thesis | a thesis that argues some social stratification is a social necessity |
| downward mobility | a lowering of one's social class |
| endogamous marriages | unions of people with the same social category |
| exogamous unions | unions of spouses from different social categories |
| global stratification | a comparison of the wealth, economic stability, status, and power of countries as a whole |
| income | the money a person earns from work or investments |
| intergenerational mobility | a difference in social class between different generations of a family |
| intragenerational mobility | a difference in social class between different members of the same generation |
| meritocracy | an ideal system in which personal effort--or merit-determines social standing |
| primogeniture | a law stating that all property passes to the first born |
| social mobility | the ability to change positions within a social stratification system |
| social stratification | a socioeconomic system that divides society's members into categories ranking from high to low, based on things like wealth, power and prestige |
| standard of living | the level of wealth available to acquire material goods and comforts to maintain a particular socioeconomic lifestyle |
| status consistency | the consistency, or lack thereof, of an individual's rank across social categories like income, education and occupation |
| structural mobility | a societal change that enable a who group of people to move up of down the class ladder |
| upward mobility | an increase-or upward shift-in social class |
| wealth | the value of money and assests a person has from, for example, inheritance |
| absolute poverty | deprivation so severe that it puts day-to-day survival in jeopardy. |
| closed system | a system of stratification that accommodates little change in social position. |
| open system | a system of stratification, based on achievement, that allows some movement and interaction between layers and classes. |
| relative poverty | is not having the means to live the lifestyle of the average person in your country |
| socioeconomic status (SES) | an individual’s level of wealth, power, and prestige |
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