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Social Studies Recon
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Amendment | a change or addition to the Constitution |
| Impeachment | bringing of formal charges against a public official |
| Sharecropping | a laborer who works the land for the farmer who owns it, in exchange for a share of the value of the crop |
| Freedman's Bureau | helped freedmen find jobs and resolve disputes between whites and blacks |
| Black Codes | new laws used by southern states to control African Americans |
| Poll Tax | a personal tax to be paid before voting |
| Literacy Test | a test to see if a person could read or write |
| Grandfather Clause | a provision that allowed a voter to avoid a literacy test if his father or grandfather had been eligible to vote on January 1, 1857 |
| Segregation | enforced separation of races |
| 10% Plan | as soon as 10% of a states voters (white men) swore an oath of loyalty to the U.S., the voters could organize a new state government |
| Radical Reconstruction: to protect newly freed blacks | African American men could now vote |
| Wade Davis Bill | 50% of voters would sign a loyalty oath, Lincoln doesnt pass this law |
| Reconstruction | the period in time following the Civil War of rebuilding the U.S. |
| Assassination of Abraham Lincoln | April 14, 1865 John Wilkes Booth shoots Lincoln at Fords Theater |
| Impeachment of Andrew Johnson | the Radical Republicans tried to remove Johnson from office |
| Supreme Court Case Plessy vs Fergerson | in 1896, the supreme court upheld segregation laws: "Separate but Equal" |
| KKK | Klansmen rode by night to the homes of African Americans and poor whites shouting threats, and burning wooden crosses |
| Radical Reconstruction | White rioters and police attacked and killed many African Americans in two southern cities (New Orleans and Memphis) This caused Congress to push for a stricter form of Reconstruction. Reconstruction act of 1867: removed the governments of all southern |
| Andrew Johnson | 17th president Lincoln’s successor was Vice President Andrew Johnson of Tennessee. Johnson was a southern Democrat who had remained loyal to the Union. Many expected him to take a strict approach to the Reconstruction. |
| Abraham Lincoln | 16th president in 1861, issuing the Emancipation Proclamation that declared forever free those slaves within the Confederacy |