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History Unit 2
| Tennis Court Oath | An oath used to help push for the National Assembly. They broke down a door to an indoor tennis court and pledged not to leave until they had drawn up a new Constitution. |
| National Assembly | The name that the Third Estate had given themselves to try to pass and reform laws in the name of the French people. |
| Napoleon | A member of the army that worked to start the new government. He led a French army against the forces of Austria and the Kingdom of Sardinia. |
| Louis XVI | A king who had good intentions at heart, however, his plans didn’t work when tested. He would often get poor advice from others. He married Marie Antoinette and was later beheaded because he committed treason. |
| Guillotine | A form of punishment used to make people suffer for their crimes in public places. |
| Great fear | A wave of senseless panic that went through France. One of the reasons this began was because of a rumor that stated that the nobles were hiring outlaws to terrorize the peasants. |
| Marie Antoinette | The wife of Louis XVI. She was very unpopular because of her involvement in controversial situations. Was later beheaded as well. |
| Old Regime | The social and political system of France in the 1770s. |
| Estates-General | An assembly of representatives from all 3 states. |
| Bourgeoisie | The middle class of the estates. |
| Sons of Liberty | People that came together to help push for a new government in the new world. They helped plan meetings and rebellions. |
| Enlightenment Philosophies | Ideas that came out of the Enlightenment period including new scientific discoveries and ideas on how to run the country. |
| Second Continental Congress | A group of people who decided to meet up when the king paid little attention to their complaints. |
| Voltaire | Francois Marie Arouet was a very influential philosopher who wrote under the pen name, “______”. |
| Locke | _________ was a philosopher who disagreed with an absolute monarchy and favored the idea of a self-government. He believed that all men were born free and equal. |
| Rousseau | _________ was a great philosopher who also strongly believed in individual freedom. He also believed that all men are born free. |
| Cornwallis | _________ was one of the British leaders in the American Revolutionary War. He had to surrender in Yorktown, Virginia because the American and French army corned him. |
| Montesquieu | __________ was an influential French writer who devoted himself to the study of political liberty. He believed in a system where there were different levels of power to prevent someone from having too much power. |
| Intolerable Acts | New laws that the King set to punish the colonists for the Tea Party. |
| Enlightenment Ideas | Ideas that came from the enlightenment period that helped formed modern day thinking and many new technologies. |
| Yorktown | A battle between France and America against Britain. The French and American army cornered Cornwallis in _______, forcing them to surrender. This battle is what allowed the Americans to earn their freedom. |
| Stamp Act | A law passed by parliament that said all colonists had to pay a tax to be put on wills, deeds, newspapers, and other printed material. |
| Taxation without representation | King George had forced the Americans to pay taxes without anyone from the colonies to represent themselves. |