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Chapter Three Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cyclic movement | regular journey that begins at a home base and returns to the exact same place. a form of movement. |
| activity spaces | places within the rounds of daily activity. |
| snowbirds | retired or semiretired people who live in cold states and canada for most of the year and move to warm states for the winter. |
| pastoralism | a type of cyclic movement when herders move livestock through the year to continually find fresh water and green pastures. |
| transhumance | migration pattern in which livestock are led to highlands during summer months and lowlands during winter months to graze. |
| relocation diffusion | spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth by the act of people moving and taking the idea or innovation with them. |
| international migration | purposeful movement of people from one country to another with a degree of permanence or intent to stay. |
| emigrants | a person who permanently moves out of their home country. |
| immigrants | a person who permanently moves into a new country. |
| net migration | difference between the number of immigrants (those coming into a country) and the number of emigrants (those leaving a country). |
| refugees | migrants who flee their country because of political persecution and seek asylum in another country. |
| remittances | money that migrants send back to families and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many lower income (peripheral) countries. |
| reverse remittances | money flowing from home countries to migrants in their destination countries. |
| guest workers | migrants who are invited into a country to work temporarily, are granted work visa status, and are expected to return to their home country at the end of the visa. |
| islands of development | cities in developing regions where foreign investment is concentrated and to which rural migrants are drawn. |
| internal migration | purposeful movement of people within a country from one location to another with a degree of performance or intent to stay. |
| diaspora | dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place, either voluntarily or by force. |
| assimilation | when a minority group loses distinct cultural traits, such as dress, food, or speech, and adopts the customs of the dominant culture. can happen voluntarily or by force. |
| human trafficking | a form of forced migration where people are involuntarily sold and traded for manual labor or as workers in the commercial sex trade. |
| gulags | forced labor or prison labor camps. most often associated with authoritarian countries. |
| distance decay | decreasing the likelihood of diffusion with greater distance from the hearth. |
| gravity model | urban geography model that mathematically predicts the degree of interaction and probability of migration (and other flows) between two places. |
| push factors | circumstances a migrant considers when deciding to leave the home country. |
| pull factors | circumstances a migrant considers when deciding where to migrate. |
| intervening opportunity | presence of an opportunity near a migrant’s current location that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of migrating to a site further away. |
| unauthorized or undocumented migrants | don’t have legal permission to stay in country where they live. can be those who entered a country legally, authorized with visa, and then stay when the visa expires. can also enter a country without permission by crossing a border without legal approval. |
| coyotes | employed by unauthorized migrants to smuggle people across the border for a sizable fee. |
| chain migration | permanent movement from one place to another that follows kinship links. for example, a group of migrants settles in a place and then communicated with family and friends at their former location to encourage migration along the same path. |
| repatriation | a refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or non governmental organization. |
| asylum seekers | migrant who claims the right to protection as a refugee in a country other than their home country. |
| internally displaced persons (IDP’s) | people who have been displaced within their home country and do not cross international boundaries. |
| bracero program | laws and agreements passed in the united states and mexico in 1942 to encourage mexicans to migrate to the united states to work in agriculture. |
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