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Enlightenment/Docs
Enlightenment and Founding Document Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| checks and balances | a principle of the federal government, according to the U.S. Constitution, that allows each branch of government to limit the power of the other branches |
| consent of the governed | an agreement made by the people to establish a government and abide by its laws |
| Enlightenment | a period in European history when many educated people stressed the importance of learning and reasoning; education was considered the key to understanding and solving society’s problems |
| natural law | laws passed by government to protect natural rights |
| natural rights | the belief that individuals are born with basic rights that cannot be taken away by governments; life, liberty, and property |
| separation of powers | the structure of the federal government, according to the U.S. Constitution, that sets up three branches with their own distinct powers and responsibilities |
| social contract | an implied agreement among the people of an organized society that defines the rights, duties, and limitations of the governed and the government |
| Common Sense | a pamphlet published by Thomas Paine in 1776 to convince the American colonists to support becoming independent from England |
| due process | the right of people accused of crimes to have laws that treat them fairly, so that they cannot lose their life or freedom without having their legal rights protected |
| English Bill of Rights | a government document that expanded the powers of the English Parliament and expanded the rights of the people, as well as further limited the rights of the king; written by the members of the English Parliament in 1689 |
| limited government | a government that has been limited in power by a constitution, or written agreement |
| Magna Carta | a government document that limited the power of the king of England and protected the rights of the nobility; written by the English nobles in 1215 |
| Mayflower Compact | an agreement between individuals that created a government that would provide order and protect the rights of the colonists; written by a group of English Puritans in Massachusetts in 1620 |
| Preamble | the introduction to the U.S. Constitution |
| rights | a set of things that people believe they should be free to do |
| Rule of Law | Everyone must follow the law. No one is above the law |
| self-government | popular or representative system where the people create and run their own government |
| Thomas Paine | the colonial journalist who wrote Common Sense in 1776 |
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