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Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Demography | the study of general population trends |
| Population density | number of people per unit of land |
| Arithmetic population density | number of people per unit area of land, population of area/ amount of land in square km or mi |
| Population distribution | description of spatial distribution of people, including where large numbers of people live closely together and where few people live |
| Dot map | thematic map where individual symbols represent a certain number of cases of a phenomenon, a dot represents 100,000 people |
| Megalopolis | an urban agglomeration that stretches from Washington, DC in the south to Boston, Massachusetts in the north |
| Natural Increase Rate | difference between number of births and deaths in a year. Positive if births exceed deaths and negative if deaths exceed births. Does not include emigration and immigration |
| Crude Birth Rate | number of live births per 1000 people among a population in an area in a year |
| Crude Death Rate | number of deaths per 1000 people among a population in an area in a year |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate | percent of women who are currently using or have a sexual partner who is using a method of contraception |
| Doubling time | time it taes for a population to double in size |
| Total fertility rate | the average number of children born to a woman of child-bearing age |
| Old-age dependency ratio | number of people 65 years of age or older for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64 |
| Child dependency ratio | number of people between the ages of 0 and 14 for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64 |
| Population composition | structure of a population in terms of age and sex composition of a population |
| Population pyramid | a graphic representation of the age and sex composition of a population |
| Demographic transition | observation that a country's birth rate and death rate change in predictable ways over stages of economic development |
| Zero population growth | a state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because number of deaths is exactly offset by number of births |
| Infant mortality rate | probability per 1000 live births that a child will die before reaching age 1 year |
| Life expectancy | the amount of years that a certain person is expected to live in a country |
| Epidemiological transition | change in the pattern of mortality in a society from high mortality among infants (including malnutrition and diarrheal disease) and periods of widespread famine to high mortality from degenerative diseases which coincide with longer life expectancies |
| Infectious diseases | diseases that spread by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Infectious diseases diffuse directly from human to human |
| Degenerative diseases | generally long-lasting afflictions now more common because of longer life expectancies |
| Genetic or inherited diseases | diseases caused by variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in humans |
| Malaria | vectored disease spread by a certain type of mosquitoes |
| Expansive population policies | government policies designed to encourage large families and increase the rate of population growth |
| Eugenic population policies | government policies designed to limit population growth among a certain group of people |
| Restrictive population policies | government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural population increase (also called antinatalist) |
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pl251281
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