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Chapter 2
Term | Definition |
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Demography | The study of human populations |
Population Density | Number of people per unit area of land |
Arithmetic Population Density | Number of people per unit area of land. To calculate: Divide the population of an area by the amount of land (in sq. miles or sq. km) |
Population Distribution | Description of people, including where large numbers of people live closely together and where few people live |
Dot Maps | Thematic map where individual symbols represent a certain number of cases of a phenomenon. For example, a map where one dot represents 100,000 people |
Megalopolis | An urban agglomeration that stretches from Washington DC in the south to Boston, Massachusetts in the north. |
Natural Increase Rate | The difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths occurring in a year |
Crude Birth Rate | Number of live births per 1000 people among a population in an area in a a year. |
Crude Death Rate | Number of deaths per 1000 people among a population in an area in a year |
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate | Percent of women who are currently using or have a sexual partner who is using a method of contraception |
Doubling Time | Time required for a population to double in size. |
Total Fertility Rate | The average number of children born to a woman of child-bearing age |
Old-age Dependency Ratio | Number of people 65 years of age or older for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64 |
Child Dependency Ratio | Number of people between the ages of 0 and 14 for every 100 people between the ages of 15-64 |
Population Composition | Structure of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education |
Population pyramids | A graphic representation of the age and sex composition of a population |
Demographic transition | Observation that a country's birth rate and death rate change in predictable ways over stages of economic development. Model is based on population change in Western Europe. |
Zero population growth | A state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of deaths is exactly offset by the number of births |
Infant mortality rate (IMR) | Probability per 1000 live births that a child will die before reaching age 1 year |
Life expectancy | The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. |
Epidemiological transition | Change in a pattern of mortality in a society from high mortality among infants and periods of widespread famine to high mortality from degenerative diseases which coincide with longer life expectancies |
Infectious diseases | Diseases that are spread by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Infectious diseases diffuse directly or indirectly from human to human |
Degenerative diseases | Generally long-lasting affliction now more common because of a higher life expectancy. |
Genetic or inherited diseases | Diseases caused by a variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in a human. |
Malaria | Vectored disease spread by a certain type of mosquitoes |
Expansive population policies | Government policies designed to encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth |
Eugenic population policies | Government policies designed to limit population growth among a certain growth of people |
Restrictive population policies | Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural population increase |