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US History Final '09
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Jamestown Settlement? | It was the first colony in the United States; it was set up along the James river in Virginia. |
| Who was John Smith? | An English colonist to the Americans who helped found Jamestown colony and encouraged settlers to work harder and build better housing. |
| Was was a Pilgrim? | A member of a Puritan Separatist sect that left England in the early 1600s to settle in the Americas |
| What was the triagular trade? | trading network in which goods and slaves moved among England, the American colonies, and Africa |
| Who was William Penn? | A Quaker leader who founded a colony for Quakers in Pennsylvania |
| What was the Mayflower Compact? | A document written by the Pilgrams by establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government |
| What is the Stamp Act of 1765? | A law passed by Parliament that raised tax money by requiring colonists to pay for an official stamp whenever they bought paper items? |
| Examples of Stamp Act paper items? | newspapers, licenses, and other legal documents |
| What was 'Common Sense'? | A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that critizied monarchies and convinced many American colonists of the need to break away from Britain |
| Who was John Adams? | An American statesman, who was a delegate to the Continetal Congress, a memeber of the committee taht drafted the Declaration of Independence, vice president to George Washington, and the second president president of the United States |
| Who was Thomas Paine? | American political philosopher and author, he urged an immediate declaration of independence from England in his anonymously and simply written pamphlet, Common Sense |
| What was the Boston Massacre? | An incident in which British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists, killing five people |
| What is the Declaration of Independence? | a document written to declare the colonists free from British rule |
| Who was Thomas Jefferson? | American statesman, and member of two Continental Congresses, chairman of the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence, the Declaration's main author and one of its signers, and the third president of the United States |
| What was the 1st Continental Congress? | It was a gathering of colonial leaders who were deeply troubled about the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies in America |
| Who was Paul Revere? | Paul Revere was a hero of the American Revolutionary War, famous for his "midnight ride" of 1775, during which he sounded the alarm that British forces were moving against the colonists |
| What were the acts of the 1st Continental Congress? | They drafted the Declaration of Rights which were a list of 10 resolutions to be presented to King George III. Included was the colonists' rights to "life, liberty, and property" |
| What was the Second Continental Congress? | The Second Continental Congress established the Continental Army to represent the thirteen states. They also elected George Washington as Commander in Chief of the Continental Army. |
| Who was George Washington? | Revolutionary War hero and Patriot leader, he served as a representative to the Continental Congresses, commanded the Continental Army, and was unanimously elected to two terms as president |
| What was the Battle of Bunker Hill? | a Revolutionary War battle in Boston that demonstrated that the colonists could fight well against the British army |
| What was the Battle of Trenton? | a Revolutionary War battle in New Jersey in which Patriot forces captured more than 900 Hessian troops |
| What was Valley Forge? | Valley Forge,Pennsylvania, was the site of the camp of the American Continental Army over the winter in the American Revolutionary War. This was a time of great suffering for Washington's Army |
| What was the Treaty of Paris of 1783 | Peace agreement that officially ended the Revolutionary War and established British recognition of the independence of the United States |
| What was the Magna Carta? | a charter of liberties that agreed to by King John of England, it made the king obey the same laws as citizens |
| What are the English Bill of Rights in 1689? | This act reduced the powers of the English monarch |
| Treaty of Paris of _______ | 1783 |
| What are the Articles of Confederation? | the document that created the first central government for the United States; was replaced by the Constitution in 1789 |
| What was Representative Government? | People chosen by the citizens of the land to make decisions on their behalf & to represent them in the legislative assembly |
| Massachusetts Colony? | Founded by Puritans. |
| Georgia Colony? | Founded by James Oglethorpe. It had two main purposes: to serve as a place where debtors in prison could go to start anew and it served as a barrier against Spanish expansion from Florida. |
| What is mercantilism? | Mercantilism is the theory that states that a nation's power is based on its wealth compared to other nations. |
| What is balance of trade? | The difference in value between the total exports and total imports of a nation during a specific period of time. |
| What is a cash crop? | A crop, such as tobacco, grown for direct sale rather than for livestock feed. |
| Pennsylvania Colony? | Founded by William Penn. Charter was given by King Charles II of England. |
| What was the French and Indian War? | "Seven Year War". A war in North America between France and Britain (both aided by American Indian tribes) |
| What were the Navigation Acts? | The English Navigation Acts were a series of laws which restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England and its colonies, which started in 1651 |
| What were the Townshend Acts? | This act placed duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea. |
| What are Natural Rights? | rights, freedoms and privileges which are such a basic part of human nature that they cannot be taken away. "life, liberty, and property" |
| Who was John Locke? | English philosopher during the Enlightenment who argued that there was a social contract between people and their government. His ideas influenced the writers of the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution |
| What are Federalists? | People who supported ratification of the Constitution |
| What are Anti-Federalists? | People who opposed ratification of the Constitution |
| What is the Federal System? | system that divided powers between the states and the federal government |
| What is the Virginia Plan? | plan for the government proposed at the Constitutional Convention in which the national government would have supreme power and a legislative branch would have two houses with representation determined by state population (large states) |
| What is the New Jersey Plan? | proposal to create a unicameral legislature with equal amount of representation of states rather than representation by population; rejected at the Constitutional Convention |
| What was the Great Compromise? | an agreement worked out at the Constitutional Convention establishing that a state's population would determine representation in the lower house of the legislature, while each state would have equal representation in the upper house of the legislature |
| What were the Bill of Rights? | the first 10 amendments to the Constitution ; ratified in 1791 |
| What is the Executive Branch? | a division of the federal government that includes the president and the administrative departments; enforces the nation's laws |
| What is the Legislative Branch? | a division of government that proposes bills and passes them into laws |
| What is the Judicial Branch? | a division of the federal government that is made up of the national courts; interprets laws, punishes criminals, and settles disputes between states |
| What is the Executive Cabinet? | A Cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch (15 cabinets) |
| What are checks and balances? | a system established by the Constitution that prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful |
| Separation of Powers? | the system established in the Constitution to give each branch a different responsibility for law in the United States |
| What is the Supreme Court? | the highest federal court in the United States; has final say over all other courts in the nation |
| Marbury vs. Madison | case decided in 1803 by the U.S. Supreme Court. |
| What are tariffs? | a tax on imports or exports |
| What are the powers of the executive branch? | proposes laws, administers the laws, commands armed forces, appoints ambassadors and other officials, conducts foreign policy, & makes treaties |
| What are the powers of the judicial branch? | interprets the Constitution and other laws, reviews lower-court decisions |
| What are staple crops? | a crop that is continuously in demand |
| What is the Tea Act? | a law passed by Parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies, undermining colonial tea merchants' let to the Boston Tea Party |
| What is the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedoms? | a document that gave people in Virginia freedom of worship and prohibited tax money from being used to fund churches |
| What is a precedent? | an action or decision that later serves as an example |
| What is the Judiciary Act of 1789? | legislation passed by Congress that created the federal court system |
| What is the Electoral College? | a group of people selected from each of the states to cast votes in presidential elections |
| What is Loose Construction? | a way of interpreting the Constitution that allows the federal government to take actions that the Constitution does not specifically forbid it from taking |
| What is Strict Construction? | a way of interpreting the Constitution that allows the federal government to take only those actions the Constitution specifically says it can take |
| Who was Alexander Hamilton? | American statesman and member of the Continental Congress& Constitutional Convention,author of the Federalist Papers, which supported the Constitution, first secretary of treasury under Washington and developed the Bank of the United States |
| Where is the National Capital? | started in New York City, then moved to Philadelphia in 1791 and then to Washington in 1801 |
| What is Jay's Treaty? | it settled the disputes that had arisen between the United States and Great Britain in the early 1790s. |
| What is the XYZ Affair? | an incident in which French agents attempted to get a bribe and loans from U.S. diplomats in exchange for an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships; it led to an undeclared naval war between the two countries |
| What is the Neutrality Proclamation? | a statement made by President Washington that the United States would not side with any of the nations at war in Europe following the French Reveloution |
| What is the Treaty of Greenville? | an agreement between Native American confederation leaders and the U.S. government that gave the United States Indian lands in the Northwest Territory and guaranteed that U.S. citizens could safely travel through the region |
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