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sport science
revision
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Flextion | Bending or decreasin the angle of a joint |
| extension | straighting or increasing the angle of a joint |
| abduction | The movement of the body part away from the middle of the body |
| adduction | The movement of the body part towards the middle of the body |
| pronation | rotation of the hand resulting in a palm down position |
| supination | Rotation of the hand resulting in a palm up position |
| planterflextion | The extension movement of the top of the feet away from the tibia |
| dorsiflextion | The 'flexion' movement of the top of the feet towards the tibia |
| inversion | The rotation of the foot with the side turned inward |
| eversion | The rotation of the foot with the sole turned inward |
| 5 main functions of the skeleton | |
| Structure | produces places for muscle attachment |
| protection | protect vital organs |
| Movement | Allows for movement for activity |
| Blood-cell production | create a in-bone morrow |
| storage | Of calcium and minerals for normal bodily functions |
| Bones | |
| Long bones | Femur ,humerus,tibia |
| Short bones | Carpals,tarsals |
| Flat bones | Scapulae, sternum, ribs |
| Irregular bones | Vertabrae,sacrum |
| sesamoid bone | patella |
| What is a joint | joints are where 2 or more bones meet |
| Types of joints | |
| Fibrous | immovable |
| cartilaginous | slightly movable |
| Synovial | Freely movable |
| Synovial joint examples | |
| Ball and socket | The ball of one bone fits into the cup of the other.This allows for a larger range of movement E.g shoulder/hip joints |
| Hinge joint | This allows for flection and extension to occur E.g Elbow joint |
| condyloid | Similar to ball and socket except it is incapable of of rotating E.g Radoiocarpal joint and Metacarpo-phalangeal joint |
| saddle joint | Capable of movement but rotation is limited. E.g thumb(radius) |
| Glidding joint | Flat bone surfaces for gliding movement. E.g Inter-carpal and inter-tarsal |
| Definitions to know | |
| Hyaline cartilage | A shiny white substance covering the end of the bones, it helps grease the surface of the joint to allow for smooth friction and free movement |
| Synovial fluid | This is secreted by the synovial membrane and helps to oil the join cavity |
| Ligaments | These join bones, they act as strong ruller bones and helps prevent dislocation but stretch to allow the bones to move. |
| superior | Higher than- e.g nose is superior to the phalanges |
| inferior | Lower than-eg.femur is inferior to the sternum |
| Anterior | Forward - E.g ribs are Anterior to the scapular |
| Posterior | Back -E.g spine is posterior to ribs |
| Medial | Middle /towards the middle -e.g the big toe is medial to the little toe |
| Lateral | Away from middle E.g The ears are lateral to the eyes |
| Vertebral column | |
| Cervical vertebrae | C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6,C7 (7) |
| Thoracic vertebrae | T1-T12 (12) |
| Lumbar vertebrae | L1,L2,L3,L4,L5 (5) |
| Sacrum | 5 fused vertebrae (5) |
| Coccyx | 4 fused vertebrae (4) |
| How many pairs of ribs are there | 12 |
| How many are attached ti your sternum | 10 with 2 false ribs |
| Label skeleton | |
| Draw and label synovial joint | |
| Label vertebral column |
Created by:
Marzy101
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