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GRAM ÂM
| Genus | Species | Virulence factors | disease | treament | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helicobacter | pylori | urease VacA | chronic gastritis peptic ulcers | multiple drugs in combination | spiral shape |
| Escherichia | coli | adhesins | urinary tract infection ( UTIs) | - | - |
| Shigella | dysenteriae flexneri boydii sonnei | Invasins | dysentery | antimicrobial | - |
| Salmonella | enterica bongori | polysaccharide capsule (Vi) | Salmonellosis | - | poultry |
| Neisseria | gonorrhoeae | -antigenic switching -endotoxin: LOS | sexually transmitted infection | - | diplococci |
| Neisseria | meningitidis | -capsule -endotoxin: LOS | meningitis, meningococcemia | cefotaxime ceftriaxone | - |
| Haemophilus | influenzae | capsule | meningitis | - | cocci-rods or short rods -Hib |
| Campylobacter | jejuni | invasins | enteritis with diarrhea | hydration and electrolytes | rod: S shape or seagull |