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Chapter 1 Micro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alga | a photosynthetic eukaryote, may be unicellular, filamentous, or multicellular but lack the tissues found in plants. |
| Antibiotic | an antimicrobial agent, usually produced naturally by a bacterium or fungus |
| Archaea | prokaryotic cells lacking peptidoglycan, one of the three domains |
| Aseptic technique | Laboratory techniques used to minimize contamination |
| Bacteria | kingdom of prokaryotic organisms, characterized by peptidoglycan cell walls, bacterium when referring to singular organism |
| Bacteriology | The scientific study of prokaryotes, including bacteria and Archaea |
| Biogenesis | The theory that living cells arise only from preexisting cells. |
| Bioremediation | the use of microbes to remove an environmental pollutant. |
| Biotechnology | the industrial application of microbes, cells, or cell components to make a useful product |
| Cell Theory | all living organisms are composed of cells and arise from preexisting cells, |
| Chemotherapy | treatment with chemical substances |
| Ecology | the study of the interrelationship between organism and with their environment |
| Eukaryote | a cell having DNA inside a distinct membrane enclosed nucleus |
| Fermentation | the enzymatic degradation of carbohydrates in which the final electron acceptor is an organic molecule, ATP is synthesized by substrate level phosphorylation, and oxygen is not required |
| Fungus | an organism that belongs to the Kingdom Fungi, a eukaryotic absorptive chemoheterotroph |
| Gene therapy | treating a disease by replacing abnormal genes |
| Genetic engineering | manufacturing and manipulating genetic material in vitro, also called recombinant DNA technology |
| Genomics | the study of genes and their function |
| Genus | the first name of the scientific name (binomial), the taxon between family and species |
| Germ theory of disease | the principle that microbes cause disease |
| Helminth | a parasitic roundworm or flatworm |
| Immunity | the body’s defenses against particular pathogenic microbes, also called specific resistance |
| Immunology | the study of a host’s specific defenses to a pathogen |
| Infectious diseases | a disease in which pathogens invade a susceptible host and carry out at least part of their life cycle |
| Koch’s postulates | criteria used to determine the causative agent of infectious diseases |
| Microorganism | a living organism too small to be seen with the naked eye, includes bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and microscopic algae, also includes viruses |
| Molecular biology | the science dealing with DNA and protein synthesis of living organisms |
| Mycology | the scientific study of fungi |
| Normal microbiota | the microbes that colonize a host without causing disease also called normal flora |
| Parasitology | the scientific study of parasites (protozoa and parasitic worms) |
| Pasteurization | the process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage microbes or pathogens |
| Pathogen | a disease causing organism |
| Prokaryote | a cell whose genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane |
| Protozoan | unicellular eukaryotic organisms, usually chemoheterotroph |
| Recombinant DNA | a DNA molecule produced by recombination |
| Species | the most specific level in the taxonomic hierarchy |
| Species epithet | the second or species name in a scientific binomial |
| Spontaneous generation | the idea that life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter |
| Synthetic drugs | a chemotherapeutic agent that is prepared from chemicals in a laboratory |
| Virology | the scientific study of viruses |
| Virus | a submicroscopic, parasitic, filterable agent consisting of a nucleic acid surrounding by a protein coat. |
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