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Social Studies
Roman Republic
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Patrician | Wealthy, landowners, aristocrats, citizens of Rome |
| Plebeians | Middle class - landowners, merchants, citizens of Rome |
| Leberti | Freedman, not a citizen |
| Slave | Not free, considered property. Not allowed to buy their freedom or be freed by their owners. |
| Polytheistic | Worships more than one god |
| Jupiter (Roman) Zeus (Greek) | Head of all gods |
| Juno (Roman) Hera (Greek) | Wife of Jupiter, protector of women and children |
| Neptune (Roman) Poseidon (Greek) | God of the sea |
| Mars (Roman) Ares (Greek) | God of war |
| Pluto (Roman) Hades (Greek) | God of the underworld |
| Mercury (Roman) Hermes (Greek) | Messenger god |
| Venus (Roman) Aphrodite (Greek) | Goddess of love |
| Tripartite government | Government with three branches |
| Checks and Balances | System to make sure no one branch of government was more powerful than another |
| Magistrates | Member of Roman tripartite government; elected civil officer or judge |
| Assemblies | Member of Roman tripartite government; responsible for electing magistrates |
| Senate | Member of Roman tripartite government; responsible for advising leaders of the city. Most powerful in Rome; 300 members. Appointed Censors, served for live. Wealthiest, aristocrats. Advised and nominated Consuls. |
| Consul | Type of magistrate; appointed for 1 year term. 2 members. ran government, commanded army. |
| Dictator | Type of magistrate; appointed by Consul during times of war or crisis. Supreme authority for up to 6 months. Controlled courts and army. |
| Tribune | 10 members, elected by Plebeian council, advocated for Plebeian needs, could not be arrested |
| Censor | 2 members, registered and kept list of all Roman citizens. Appointed candidates to the Senate. |
| Praetor | 8 members. Judges. In war, commanded the army. |
| Aediles | City managers; set Roman standards of public behavior. |
| Quaestors | 20 members, managed treasury. (think: QUARTERS = money) |
| Centuriate | Soldier's assembly. 1 vote per 100 men. Passed laws, declared war, made peace. Elected Censors, Consuls, and Praetors. |
| Tribal Assembly | Made up of Patrician and Plebeians. Determined by region where you lived. 1 region = 1 vote. Elected Aediles and Quaestors. |
| Order of Plebeian | Rebellion of Plebeian class. Increased Plebeian class rights. Created Plebeian Council. |
| Plebeian Council | Elected Tribunes. Made laws for Plebeian class. |
| Military | Citizens required to serve between age 17 and age 45. Small salary plus spoils of war. Served 20-25 years. Received plot of land and allowed to marry once retired. |
| Legionaires | Citizen soldiers; had to provide their own gear and armor. |
| Legion | Military grouping with 3,000-6,000 soldiers |
| Cohort | Military grouping with about 500 soldiers |
| Century | Military grouping with 80-120 soldiers |
| Infantry | Military grouping with 8 soldiers |
| Auxiliary | Military grouping that included non-citizens who served for 25 years and then became full Roman citizens. |
| New soldier | Bad jobs - clean latrines, stoke the furnace. Marched 20 miles per day, carried 60 pounds of equipment and supplies. |
| Experienced soldier | Good jobs - surveyors, hunters, masons. Marched 20 miles per day, carried 60 pounds of equipment and supplies. |
Created by:
carteranderson
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