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Chapter 7 Rev Book
Vocab, People and Supreme Court Cases from Chapter 7 of your Review Book
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Teapot Dome Scandal | Harding's Secretary of the Interior was convicted of accepting bribes and no-interest loans from two oil executives in exchange for them leasing government owned petroleum reserves in Teapot Dome Wyoming and Elk Hills California |
| Lost Generation | Term for American writers of the 1920s marked by disillusion with World War I and a search for a new sense of meaning. |
| Kellog-Briand Peace Pact | Outlawed war except for in self-defense (loopholes allowed most circumstances to be considered self-defense) |
| Prohibition | period of 1920-1933 when the making and sale of liquor was illegal in the United States |
| Anti-Saloon League | group that lobbied for prohibition on state and national levels |
| 18th Amendment | banned the manufacture, sale or transportation of alcohol |
| 21st Amendment | repealed the 18th amendment and ended Prohibition |
| Scopes Trial | 1925 trial of a Tennessee schoolteacher for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution |
| Ku Klux Klan | secret society first formed during Reconstruction and re-formed in the 1920s to express opposition to Jews, Catholics, Bolsheviks, and others considered "un-American" |
| Immigration Act of 1924 | Set up a restrictive national quota system to allow less immigrants to the United States deemed "undesirable" by nativists. |
| Harlem Renaissance | African American cultural movement centered in New York City from the 1920s to the mid-1930s; focused on African American identity and pride through literature, art, music, dance and philosophy |
| Great Migration | migration of African Amcericans from the South to the North in the early 20th Century |
| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People - an organization founded in 1909 to fight for the rights of African Americans |
| Back to Africa | movement advocating the return of African Americans to their ancestral homelands in Africa |
| Langston Hughes | Poet, playwright and novelist of the Harlem Renaissance. Works celebrated hope, pride, and cultural heritage of working class African Americans while protesting injustices |
| Zora Neale Hurston | figure of the Harlem Renaissance who wrote folktales and the novel "Their Eyes Were Watching God" |
| Marcus Garvey | Black Nationalist who promoted the "back to Africa" movement |
| overproduction | a condition that exists when the supply of a product exceeds the demand for that product |
| speculation | practice of making high-risk investments in hopes of obtaining large profits |
| buying on margin | system of buying stocks in which a buyer pays a small percentage of the purchase price while the broker advances the rest. |
| Hoovervilles | term used to describe the makeshift shantytowns set up by homeless people during the Great Depression |
| Dust Bowl | term used for the central and southern Great Plains during the 1930s when the region suffered from drought and dust storms |
| Bonus Army | WWI Veterans, in the midst of the Great Depression marched on the Capitol and made a makeshift "camp" demanding early payment of bonuses due in 1945. Protest broken up with tear gas and tanks, etc. Harmed Hoover's popularity further |
| New Deal | a name given to the programs of President Franklin Roosevelt designed to end the Great Depression |
| Deficit Spending | government practice of spending more money than it takes in from taxes and other revenues |
| Judicial Reorganization Bill | also known as Roosevelt's "court-packing" plan. Upset the Supreme Court was declaring New Deal programs unconstitutional, Roosevelt proposed being able to increase the number of judges for each judge over the age of 70 who didn't retire (maximum of 15). |
| Andrew Mellon | Secretary of the Treasury through much of the 1920s whose policies led to lower taxes and some credited with Roaring Twenties. Popularity decreased with onset of the Great Depression. |
| Herbert Hoover | Opposed direct relief to end the Great Depression leading many to see him as out of touch with the problems Americans were facing. |
| Franklin Roosevelt | Led US through the Great Depression and New Deal. Known for his fireside chats and New Deal Programs |
| Frances Perkins | FDRs Secretary of Labor, the first woman to serve in a cabinet position |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | FDRs wife. Advocate for African Americans and women's rights, played key role in United Nations Declaration on Human Rights. |
| Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) | Money provided to states and cities for direct relief and work projects for the hungry, homeless, and unemployed |
| Public Works Administration (PWA) | Provided jobs through construction projects such as bridges, housing, hospitals, schools, and aircraft carriers. |
| Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) | Provided work for 2.5 million young men ages 18-25 conserving natural resources |
| Works Progress Administration (WPA) | Goal was to replace direct relief with public works projects. Provided jobs for 25 percent of American adults. |
| 1st Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) | Cut amount of surplus crops and livestock by paying farmers to limit the amount of acres they planted which raised prices. |
| 2nd Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) | Paid farmers to store portions of their overproduced crops until prices rose. |
| Social Security Act (SSA) | provided old age insurance, unemployment insurance and assistance to dependent children and the elderly, ill and handicapped. |
| Three Rs of New Deal | Relief, Recovery, Reform |
| Schechter Poultry Corporation v US | placed limits on Congress to delegate powers to President (separation of powers) and limited Congress powers to regulate commerce |
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