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Chapter 5 Rev. Book
Vocab, People and Supremem Court Cases from Chapter 5 of your Review Book
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Trust | a group of corporations run by a single board of directors. Similar to a monopoly |
| Laissez-Faire | policy where the government does not interfere in the economy. Generally means little regulation of industry. |
| Interstate Commerce Act | Set up Interstate Commerce Commission to end railroad abuses such as pools , rebates and selective discounts (reforms favored by Populist Party) |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act | Prohibited monopolies or trusts. Was largely ineffective at regulating trusts, but set precedent for later action. |
| Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad v. Illinois (1886) | Said states cannot set rates for interstate trip traveling through it's borders. Importance: Reaffirmed federal government's power over Interstate Commerce and led to Interstate Commerce Commission |
| Northern Securities Company v United States (1904) | Ordered Northern Securities Company to be dissolved and affirmed authority of Sherman Anti-Trust Act to break up businesses formed to eliminate competition |
| Social Darwinism | belief that the evolutionary idea of "survival of the fittest" should be applied to society and business |
| Square Deal | Theodore Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor. |
| Tenement | multistory building divided into apartments to house as many families as possible. Often crowded and cramped. |
| Settlement House Movement | a reformist social movement of the 1800s focused on creating community centers that offered services to the poor. |
| push-pull factors | factors that motivate people to leave their home countries or attract people to a new location |
| Nativism | a belief in the superiority of the way of life in one's home country. Often linked to a desire to limit immigration. |
| Granger Movement | coalition of farmers that wanted political changes in order to limit the power of the railroad |
| Populist Party | political party formed in 1891 to advocate a larger money supply and other economic reforms |
| Samuel Gompers | President of the American Federation of Labor, a union for skilled workers that focused on wages and working hours. |
| Jane Addams | one of the leaders of the settlement house movement who founded the Hull House in Chicago |
| urbanization | growth of cities, or the process by which a nation's population becomes more concentrated in its cities |
| Progressive Era | period that saw action by Progressive reformers that worked to correct the abuses in American society |
| muckraker | journalist who tried to improve society by exposing political corruption, health hazards, and other social problems |
| temperance movement | campaign against the sale or drinking of alcohol |
| prohibition | outlawing the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages |
| 18th Amendment | banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol |
| 19th Amendment | guaranteed the right to vote for women |
| 16th Amendment | gave Congress the power to pass an income tax |
| 17th Amendment | required the direct election of Senators |
| spoils system | system or practice of giving positions to supporters |
| initiative | a certain number of voters sign a petition in favor of a law or amendment and it goes directly on the ballot in the next election for approval by the people. |
| referendum | a legislative action is referred to the voters for final approval or rejection |
| recall | a petition procedure where voters may remove an elected official from office before the completion of their term |
| conservation | the careful planned use of natural resources |
| Ida Tarbell | Muckraking journalist whose History of Standard Oil exposed Rockefeller's unfair and ruthless business practices |
| Upton Sinclair | Muckraking journalist whose novel The Jungle influenced the passage of the Meat Inspection Act even though he intended to bring attention to poor working conditions |
| Jacob Riis | Muckraking journalist whose writing and photographs brought attention to the poor conditions in the tenements with his book How the Other Half Lives |
| Booker T Washington | African American educator and leader who founded the Tuskegee Institute and said that education and self-improvement were the best ways for African American to gain equality rather than confrontation. |
| W.E.B. Du Bois | African American civil rights leader who founded the NAACP and disagreed with Booker T Washington and pressed for full civil and political equality for African Americans |
| Ida Wells-Barnett | African American journalist and muckraker who launched a crusade against lynching. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | Progressive President who called for a Square Deal. Known as a trustbuster and conservationist and for his "Big Stick" foreign policy |
| William Howard Taft | Progressive President who used "dollar diplomacy" in Latin America. |
| Woodrow Wilson | Progressive President whose program was known as New Freedom, led the Nation to WWI, was President during the passage of the Clayton Antitrust Act. |
| The Jungle | Book by Upton Sinclair that exposed poor working conditions, poor sanitation, mislabeling of food, etc. in the Chicago meatpacking industry. |
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