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Gov Unit 1 Test 2020
Questions from Government Unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In what way is the Magna Carta was important to American laws? | It was the beginning of self rule and the origin of the English Bill of Rights |
| Colonists in Massachusetts practiced a form of democracy similar to what ancient group? | Greece (Direct Democracy) |
| Who or what ruled the American Colonists? | The King of England |
| What does a Constitution contain? | A series of written laws |
| Greece wanted to practice democracy to avoid what problem? | Controlling dictators |
| Greece divided into smaller sections of government known as what? | City States |
| What best defines the term democracy? | Government ruled by the people |
| Romans and Virginians practiced what form of democracy? | Representative Democracy (Republican) |
| How many leaders did Romans elect? | 2 |
| What were the examples of Roman law? | If wind blows your neighbors tree over your fence, you may cut it down. If you injure someone's arm, you must pay to have it fixed or cut your own off. You must take care of the road in front of your house or people can use our land. |
| What were the two governing bodies in Rome | Assembly and Senate |
| Romans used ___________ to organize their laws into different categories . | Codes |
| Who was forced to sign the Magna Carta? | King John |
| The United States takes many of its laws from what country? | England |
| In the United States, the President has the power to _______ laws that are created by Congress. | Veto |
| What were the important concepts that were carried over from colonial law, to American law? | Law and order, Limited government, Representative government |
| Before going ashore, the Pilgrims signed a document known as the _____________ ______________. | Mayflower Compact |
| What were the first two American colonies? | Virginia and Massachusetts |
| The first governing body in colonial Virginia was known as what? | House of Burgesses |
| Where did the pilgrims, in Massachusetts, meet to discuss laws and politics? | Churches |
| The British began taxing the colonists, heavily, after what costly war? | French and Indian War (7 Years War) |
| Several colonists left Massachusetts to form what two colonies? | Connecticut and Rhode Island |
| What document, usually granted by a king, gives people the power to govern themselves? | A Charter |
| The colonists that left Massachusetts created what important American concept? | The Freedom of Religion |
| Which two colonies created the first constitutions? | Connecticut and Rhode Island |
| The Declaration of Rights pointed out the colonists’ rights to do what? | Govern themselves, Decide their own taxes, Manage their own affairs |
| When does an accused person’s 5th Amendment rights begin? | At the moment of his or her arrest |
| What did arresting police officers admit that they forgot to tell Ernesto Miranda? | That he had the right to have an attorney present |
| What best defines Theocracy | A government that is controlled by one or more religious leaders who claim to follow God’s will. |
| What best defines Sovereignty? | The authority of a state to govern itself. |
| What best defines Constitution? | A written plan of government. |
| What best defines Oligarchy? | A government where all power is consolidated in a small group of people. |
| What best defines Monarchy? | An empire that is ruled by a king or queen. |
| Who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson |
| According to the Constitution, what two entities share power? | Federal Government and States |
| What best defines Confederation? | An agreement between two or more parties |
| Under the Articles of Confederation, what were powers that Congress had? | Borrow money, Make war, Pass laws |
| Under the Articles of Confederation, what could Congress not do? | Tax the states, Carry out laws, Make rules about trade between the states |
| Before the Constitution was written, how many states had a Bill of Rights in their Constitutions? | 7 |
| Under the Articles of Confederation, each state began to act like its own country by doing what? | Printing their own money, Creating Armies and Navies, Taxing goods that crossed their borders |
| The Great Compromise dealt with what issue? | How many votes each state would get in Congress |
| What issue did the Three-Fifths Compromise dealt with? | If slaves could be counted as part of the population |
| What issue did the Slave Trade Compromise dealt with? | When the government could end the trading of slaves |
| What group of men were responsible for writing the Federalist Papers? | John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison |
| How many states were needed to ratify the Constitution? | 9 |
| The Constitutional Convention was held in which city? | Philadelphia |
| Which state did not send a delegate to the Constitutional Convention? | Rhode Island |
| At the Constitutional Convention, what were the topics that the delegates agreed on? | The government should have 3 branches, The government should have the power to raise money, The government should have the power to carry out laws |
| The federalists were made up of mostly what kind of men? | Doctors, Lawyers and Wealthy Merchants |
| The Anti-Federalists were made up of mostly what kind of men? | Farmers, Small Business Owners and Townspeople |
| What state ratified the Constitution first? | Delaware |
| The Constitution sets up a plan for the government in a series of _______. | Articles |
| The opening words of the Constitution are known as what? | The Preamble |
| Under the separation of powers, the government is divided into what 3 branches? | Executive, Legislative, Judicial |
| Under what principle do the government branches have power over the other? | Checks and Balances |
| What branch of the government is responsible for making laws? | Legislative |
| What branch of the government is responsible for carrying out laws? | Executive |
| What branch of the government is responsible for judging the laws? | Judicial |
| A change in the Constitution is called what? | Amendment |
| The first series of amendments to the Constitution were called what and how many were included? | Bill of Rights/10 |
| If the Supreme Court finds that a law does not follow the Constitution, it is ruled as ______________________. | Unconstitutional |
| Currently there are how many amendments in the Constitution? | 27 |
| What powers does the Executive Branch have over the Legislative Branch? | Can veto laws, Can call special sessions of Congress, Can suggest laws and send messages to Congress |
| What power does the Executive Branch have over the Judicial Branch? | Appoints federal judges, can grant reprieves and pardons for federal crimes |
| What power does the Judicial Branch have over the Legislative Branch? | Can declare their acts unconstitutional, |
| What power does the Judicial Branch have over the Executive Branch? | Can declare executive acts unconstitutional, judges are appointed for life and are free from executive control |
| What power does the Legislative Branch have over the Executive Branch? | Can impeach and remove members, can override veto, controls spending, Senate can refuse to confirm presidential appointments and ratify treaty |
| What power does the Legislative Branch have over the Judicial Branch? | Can impeach and remove members, Establish lower federal courts, Can refuse to confirm judicial appointments |
| Describe the Constitutional Principle - Rule by the People | In a representative democracy, the people hold the power to make all the laws. |
| Describe the Constitutional Principle - Limited Powers | The U.S. Government must not be too strong; freedoms must be protected. |
| Describe the Constitutional Principle - Separation of Power | Power in the government is divided into 3 branches. |
| What does article 1 set up? | Legislative Branch |
| What does article 2 set up? | Executive Branch |
| What does article 3 set up? | Judicial Branch |
| What does article 4 set up? | The States |
| What does article 5 set up? | How to make amendments |
| What does article 6 set up? | Establishes that the Constitution is the Supreme Law |
| What does article 7 set up? | Ratification procedures |
| Protects the right to due process, from being tried twice for the same crime, and prohibits self-incrimination (you may remain silent). | Amendment 5 |
| Just because a right isn’t specified in the Constitution, doesn’t mean that you don’t have it. | Amendment 9 |
| The government can't establish a national religion or prevent people from worshiping as they choose. Also guaranteed: the freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom to peacefully assemble, and the right to petition the government. | Amendment 1 |
| Calls for jury trials in civil cases where a minimum amount of money is at stake. Originally was $20 but now is generally $75,000. | Amendment 7 |
| The federal government only has those powers that are given in the Constitution, by the people, giving the states the freedom to govern how they choose. | Amendment 10 |
| Law enforcement must have a warrant, through probable cause, in order to search your property. This protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. | Amendment 4 |
| A well regulated militia is necessary to the security of the state. The right to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. | Amendment 2 |
| Prohibits excessive fines and excessive bail, as well as cruel and unusual punishment. | Amendment 8 |
| Protects the right to a fair and speedy public trial by a jury of impartial peers, and the right to a lawyer. | Amendment 6 |
| Members of the military cannot force you to let them stay in your home during peace time, or in war, unless prescribed by law. | Amendment 3 |
| Describe the Constitutional Principle - Checks and Balances | Each branch of the government has powers over the others. |
| Describe the Constitutional Principle - Judicial Review | The courts must throw out any state laws that go against the U.S. Constitution. |
| Describe the Constitutional Principle - Federal Government | The U.S. Government has some powers, the state governments have their own powers. |
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Boone555
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