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Pre-Civil War Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Causes of the Second Great Awakening | Rapid change, industrialization, urbanization, expansion |
| Goals of the Second Great Awakening | Movement to restore traditional community and family values |
| Causes of the United States Temperance Union | Excessive consumption of alcohol was widespread among all classes |
| Goals of the United States Temperance Union | Abstinence from alcohol including prohibition |
| Dorothea Dix | Created the first generation of mental asylums, big advocate for prison reform during Antebellum Years |
| Causes of Prison Reform | Inhumane treatment of the insane in prisons; physical punishment and isolation |
| Goals of Prison Reform | Rehabilitation and treatment instead of punishment: build asylums for the mentally ill |
| Who were leading figures in the Women's Rights Movement? | Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott |
| Seneca Falls Convention (1848) | First real meeting of women's rights activists to talk about the rights they lacked and the demands they had. |
| Causes of Women's Rights Movement | Lack of rights concerning property; suffrage; education |
| Goals of of Women's Rights Movement | Overcome inferior status with a focus on Women's suffrage |
| What did Horace Mann believe? | Education is the greatest equalizer of the conditions of men, a human cannot reach their full potential until he is educated |
| Education Reform causes | Concern for creating intelligent voters who could support and perpetuate democracy |
| Education Reform goals | Free public education (tax-supported); longer school year; teacher training; broad curriculum |
| Leading Abolitionists | Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Tubman |
| Causes of the Abolition Reform | Slavery as a moral wrong vs. white supremacy in the South |
| Goals of the Abolition Reform | Emancipation (gradual by moderates, immediate by radicals) |
| Social unity and religious acceptance in U.S. vs. in France | Social unity and religious acceptance went hand in hand in the United States, unlike in France |
| Religious feelings during Second Great Awakening | People felt that they had a personal connection and relationship with god. As long as you were protestant, you came together with others |
| Utopian communities | strove to escape the competitiveness of American life, regulate moral behavior, and create co-operative lifestyles. (i.e. New Harmony ,Indiana --> had lack of authority) |
| John Humphrey Noyes (Millenarianism) | Second coming of christ had already occured, humans were no longer obliged to follow moral rules of the past, all residents married to each other with carefully regulated "free love" |
| Transcendentalists (European Romanticists) | saw beauty in nature, but ugliness in a materialistic society full of greed and desire |
| Transcendentalists (European Romanticists) (cont.) | Liberation comes from understanding and the cultivation of reasoning, “Transcend” the limits of intellect and allow the emotions, the SOUL, to create an original relationship with the Universe. |
| Transcendentalist Thinking | Man must acknowledge a body of moral truths that were intuitive and must TRANSCEND more sensational proof: The infinite benevolence of God, The infinite benevolence of nature, The divinity of man |
| Transcendentalist Thinking (cont.) | They instinctively rejected all secular authority and the authority of organized churches and the Scriptures, of law, or of conventions |
| The plight of the mentally ill in early l9th century America | treated like common criminals, locked up like animals, people didn’t understand mental illness, beaten with rods and lashes, until they would become obedient, but unable to become obedient. |
| “Separate Spheres” Concept ("Cult of Domesticity") | A woman’s “sphere” was in the home (it was a refuge from the cruel world outside), Her role was to “civilize” her husband and family. |
| Characteristics of the Antebellum South | Primarily agrarian, Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South.”, “Cotton Is King!” (1860 - 5 mil. bales a yr.) Very slow development of industrialization, Rudimentary financial system, Inadequate transportation system. |
| How did the South Defend Slavery? | Before 1830 - The South defended slavery as a necessary evil. After 1830 –slavery was a "positive good." slaves were in actuality happy, content and well cared for, being a slave was better than being a worker in a northern factory (wage slavery) |
| Growing abolitionist sentiment | 1860 cotton was 65% of all of US exports – This increased slavery 25% of southerners actually owned slaves. The slave owning population had the greatest political power in the South. Southerners slave owners or not, were basically racist. |
| What caused the Amistad Rebellion | There were 54 illegally bought slaves, one of them got free and helped the others causing the The Amistad Rebellion. |
| What happened during the Amistad uprising? | The freed slaves wanted to head back to Africa, but ended up in Long Island New York |
| What did the court decide in the Amistad Case? | They freed the group group was freed because they decided that the Africans were illegally kidnapped by Spain and ruled that they be sent back to Africa. |
| What would have happened if the slaves had been kidnapped and sold into slavery within the U.S | No one would have fought for the slaves and no one would care much about the issue |
| How did this court case impacted the institution of slavery in our country | It was the first time slaves were treated like citizens in the U.S, firing up the abolitionist movement, helping it grow, which led to the overall abolition of slavery with the 13th amendment. |
| Uncle Tom’s Cabin ("The book that changed people's views") | Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, Portrayed slavery at its worst, Stimulated anti-slavery feelings in the north, Sold 300,000 Copies in its first year of publication. |
| How were slaves portrayed through songs and images? | Portrayed as dehumanized individuals, portrayed as uneducated because the lyrics were not written in proper English. Portrayed as ugly and unattractive individuals. Portrayed as silly and unrealistic |
| Why were minstrel shows were such a popular form of entertainment in the North? | Minstrel shows were their only understanding of how slaves looked and acted, for they lived up North and didn’t experience it first hand, and it made them believe that slaves lived a decent life in the South. |
| How does the South react to the novel? | Argued that Stowe never actually visited the South and only received stories of what it was like to be a slave in the south, never actually experiencing it firsthand. |
| How else does the South react to the novel? | Criticized the North for treating their factory workers like slaves. He argues that the north has its own form of slavery, even though it is handled differently. |
| What was Lincoln's view on Slavery? | Lincoln wasn't an abolitionists at first and wasn't for or against Slavery. Believed that we will either be a country that allows slavery everywhere or a country that abolishes it everywhere |
| Free Soil Party | Not concerned about how slaves were treated, not trying to be abolitionists, but were concerned that slavery undermined the ability for white farmers to succeed by stifling the economy |
| Know-Nothing Party | Very secretive, focused on anti-immigration and anti-catholicism |
| Whig Party | Formed in wake of Andrew Jackson, were very pro-business and were divided on the topic Slavery |
| Republican Party | major platform not about abolition of slavery, very pro business and wanted to see more infrastructure and higher tariffs to help their industry |
| Democratic Party | Believed in states' rights, a limited government and and were divided on the topic Slavery |
| How does the creation of new states cause problems? | New land could shift the balance between slave/ free, South majority in the senate/ electoral college, Southerners want to bring “property to new territories” |
| The Compromise of 1850 | California - free state, Utah and New Mexico - popular sovereignty, Slave trade abolished- Washington DC but not slavery itself, Fugitive Slave Act- all citizens must assist in the return of fugitive slaves |
| What was Popular Sovereignty? | The idea that states who were being admitted to the union, were allowed to vote whether they would be a slave state or not. It was a very democratic system and favored the south. |
| Nebraska Territory | In 1854 the settlers in the territory of Nebraska was organized under the Kansas - Nebraska Act. Settlers received popular sovereignty. Repealed a provision of the Missouri Compromise (1820) |
| Bleeding Kansas | Conflict soon developed in Kansas between proslavery settlers from Missouri and antislavery newcomers, Both rushed the boarders to try to gain a majority |
| Dred Scott v Sanford (1857) | Scott's original master had transported him into the free Wisconsin territory and Free Illinois then back to Missouri. Scott sued claiming that since he had been in free territory he was in fact now free. |
| Dred Scott decision | Scott was not a citizen, a former slave owning southerner, blacks were "beings of an inferior order with no rights a white man was bound to respect.", Congress had no right to declare territories free or slave. The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional |
| Illinois Senate Election -1858 | 1858- Steven Douglas sought reelection Democrat , White Americans were superior, Tolerated slavery- right of white citizens to choose the kind of society/ gov’t they wanted (popular sovereignty) |
| Abraham Lincoln | 1858- Republican Nominee for the ILLINOIS SENATE seat, Served on the House of Rep, Defended the Comp. of 1850, Even Fugitive Slave Law, Did not publicly support immediate abolition – wanted to confine slavery, Square off in the Lincoln- Douglas Debates |
| Lincoln Douglas Debates | Debates began, Lincoln=unknown, Douglas was well known for his Popular Sovereignty stance. The Lincoln-Douglas debates drew the attention of the entire nation. Douglas wins the elections, Lincoln wins national attention |
| Election of 1860 (Democrats) | Split in the Democratic Party, Two Candidates ran on the Democratic Ticket Northern- Stephen Douglas Southern- John C. Breakenridge current VP under Buchanan Aggressive policy- expanding slavery |
| Election of 1860 (Republicans) | Republican Party, leading candidate William Henry Seward, who had an aggressive policy for ending slavery, Concern- too extreme The Republicans selected Lincoln’s moderate views 3 Party- Constitutional Party- John Bell |
| Why was the South Outraged following the Election of 1860? | Lincoln was elected with out a single southern vote. Proved south never have the electoral votes to elect a Southern candidate |
| What did the outraged South do? | Southern rally for secession |
Created by:
MLevy44
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