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Ch. 8 - 9.2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| laissez-faire | policy based on the idea that government should play as small a role as possible in the economy |
| judicial review | the right of the supreme court to determine if a law violates the constitution |
| customs duties | taxes on foreign imported goods |
| Judiciary Act of 1801 | Act passed by Congress that set up regional courts and created new positions in the judicial branch |
| John Marshall | Chief Justice of the Supreme Court appointed by John Adams |
| Marbury vs. Madison | 3 principles of judicial review: Constitution is the supreme law,; Constitution must be followed when there is a conflict, or disagreement, between it and any other law; the judicial branch must uphold the Constitution and nullify unconstitutional laws. |
| Conestoga wagon | a sturdy vehicle topped with white canvas and used by pioneers to move west (settlers loaded their household goods on these and moved west in search of land and adventure) |
| secede | to leave or withdraw |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | France's leader who wanted to create empires in Europe and North America |
| Meriwether Lewis and William Clark | Leaders of Louisiana Territory expedition |
| Sacagawea | hired by Lewis and Clark as interpreter |
| Zebulon Pike | led two expeditions to Great Plains and Rocky Mountains (1805-1807) |
| precedent | a tradition |
| cabinet | a group of advisers to the president |
| national debt | the amount of money a national government owes to other governments or its people |
| bond | a note issued by the government, which promises to pay off a loan with interest |
| unconstitutional | not agreeing or consistent with the Constitution |
| tariff | a tax on imports or exports |
| Thomas Jefferson | led the Department of State (the Secretary of State) and handled relations with other nations |
| Alexander Hamilton | led the Department of Treasury (the Secretary of the Treasury) and handled financial matters |
| Henry Knox | led the Department of War (the Secretary of War) and provided for the nation's defense |
| Edmund Randolph | served as Attorney General and handled the government's legal affairs |
| Judiciary Act of 1789 | Established a federal court system with 13 district courts, 3 circuit courts, and the Supreme Court. Federal courts had the power to reverse state decisions. The Supreme Court would be the final authority. |
| John Jay | led the Supreme Court (Chief Justice), helped to write treaty between Americans and Great Britain, not much support because it did not address impressment |
| Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments added to the Constitution. Guaranteed personal liberties and limited the government. Written by James Madison. (December 1791) |
| neutrality | a position of not taking sides in a conflict |
| impressment | forcing people into service, as in the navy |
| Whiskey Rebellion | An armed protest against the tax on whiskey. Farmers turned violent and attacked tax collectors and burned down buildings. Washington ordered force to be used if necessary. Helped develop strength of government. (July 1794) |
| Battle of Fallen Timbers | Native Americans demanded all settlers north of the Ohio River leave. Washington sent General Anthony Wayne and an army. Americans defeated Native Americans led by Shawnee chief Blue Jacket. Took place in present-day Ohio. (August 1794) |
| Treaty of Greenville | Native Americans agreed to surrender most of the land in present-day Ohio (1795) |
| Edmond Genet | French diplomat sent to recruit American volunteers to attack British ships |
| Proclamation of Neutrality | Prohibited American citizens from fighting in France and Britain's war. Prohibited French and British warships in American ports. |
| Jay's Treaty | British practiced impressment on American crews which angered Americans. Agreed the British would withdraw from America. It did not deal with the issue of impressment. Negotiated by John Jay (1794) |
| Pinckney's Treaty | Spanish leaders feared Americans and the British would team up against them. This treaty settled differences with Spain, gave Americans free navigation of the Mississippi River and the right to trade in New Orleans (1795) |
| partisan | favoring one side of an issue |
| implied powers | powers not specifically mentioned in the Constitution |
| caucus | a meeting held by a political party to choose their party's candidate for president or decide policy |
| alien | an immigrant living in a country where he or she is not a citizen |
| sedition | activities aimed at weakening established government |
| nullify | to cancel or to make ineffective |
| states' rights | rights and powers independent of the federal government that are reserved for the states by the Constitution |
| Federalists | Political party that supported Washington, was led by Hamilton, wanted strong federal government, supported tariffs, had a loose interpretation of Constitution, and believed that they federal government has implied powers. |
| Republicans | Political party led by Jefferson and Madison, which believed in limited government powers, free trade, a strict interpretation of Constitution, a federal government limits powers to those needed to carry out the Constitution. |
| XYZ affair | Adams sent a delegation to Paris to try to resolve the French's conflict regarding Jay's Treaty. Charles de Talleyrand refused to meet up with Americans. He sent 3 agents instead who demanded a bribe and a loan before they could meet. |
| Alien Act | allowed president to imprison immigrants and to send those he considered dangerous out of the country (1798) |
| Sedition Act | made activities aimed at weakening the established government illegal, made it a crime to speak, write, or publish "false, scandalous, and malicious" criticisms of the government (1789) |
| Naturalization Act | required that immigrants be residents for 14 years instead of 5 years before they became eligible for U.S. citizenship (1798) |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Drafted by Jefferson and Madison, passed by the Virginia and Kentucky legislature. Claimed that the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the Constitution. Supported states' rights (1798 and 1799) |
| Treaty of Mortefontaine | Treaty between France and US. Agreed French would stop attacking American ships. Hurt Adam's chance for re-election (1800) |
Created by:
MsFrankRL
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