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1800s America
help to study for upcoming test in multiple ways
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Lower South | a land of cotton and slavery, a land dominated economically by the plantation agriculture and a more leisurely lifestyle |
| Upper South | primarily the domain of slaveless yeoman farmers, an area largely devoid of cotton and other subtropical cash crops |
| Cotton Gin | -invented by Eli Whitney -Allowed cotton to be planted far inland -No additional costs for machinery or drainage systems -1790s boom |
| Reasons for Westward Push | -followed the War of 1812 -73,000 bales in 1800 to more than 2 million by 1850 -Fertile land, steam powered cotton gins |
| Rise of plantations | -At least 20 slaves on farms -5% of population but controlled 40% of slave population, cotton output and wealth |
| Slave Trade | -1807 Congress bans African Slave Trade -Leads to internal trade -800,000 slaves moved in south between 1790 - 1860 -price for slaves went from $250/male field hand in 1815 to $900 in 1860 |
| Slave life and culture: | -Could not Own property, Make contracts, Possess guns or alcohol, Legally marry (except Louisiana), Leave plantation, Testify against master -Encourage family life to reproduce -bare necessities, 2 sets of clothes for different seasons, lived in a shack |
| Slave codes | laws defining the status of slaves and the rights of masters; absolute power |
| Gabriel Prosser’s Rebellion | -1800, Richmond VA -50 armed slaves -Failed to seize key road to Richmond -Prosser and 25 followers executed |
| Nat Turner’s Rebellion | -Summer 1831, Southampton County, Virginia -Murderous rampage in August 1831 -First killed is Joseph Travis, Turner’s owner -60 more killed over 2 days -Turner and more than 30 other slaves are executed, Additional 100 more killed |
| Underground Railroad | -Harriet Tubman plays an integral part -Secret network of stations and safe houses organized by Quakers and other anti-slavery activists, ~1,000 a year permanently escaped |
| Black codes | restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force after slavery was abolished |
| Southern rationale for slavery | -argued that the sudden end to the slave economy would have had a profound and killing economic impact in the South where reliance on slave labor was the foundation of their economy -noted that in the Bible, Abraham had slaves. |
| Transportation revolution/improvements | -dramatic improvements in transportation that stimulated economic growth after 1815 by expanding the range of travel and reducing time and cost of moving goods and people, while also opening up new markets for farmers and manufacturers alike |
| transportation improvements include... | steamboats, canals, railroads |
| Reasons for urbanization/growth of cities | -Immigration (Irish & German) -Urbanization brought new work patterns: Production moved from home to factories, Breakdown of the family unit, Northeast saw the most growth and change, Competition in the middle class for jobs with immigrants |
| Sabbatarian Movement | reform organization founded in 1828 by Congregationalist and Presbyterian ministers that lobbied for an end to the delivery of mail on Sundays and other Sabbath violations. |
| Temperance Movement | formed to end the consumption of alcohol which was seen as a sin that led to other sins in society |
| Men's reaction to women's reform movement | -Not all men were happy -Many men, especially those in the West and involved in agriculture, began to resent the new role women were taking in society. -They were used to men being the dominant force at home and in public. |
| Rise of Mormon Church | -founded by Joseph Smith 1830 -The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon Church) -assigned spiritual and secular authority to men. -only through subordination and obedience to their husbands could women hope to gain salvation. |
| Utopian Societies | sought perfection by withdrawing from society and its confining institutions |
| Shaker society used this social structure based on the common ownership of property .. | communism |
| New Hope Community used this political and economic theory advocating that land, natural resources, and the chief industries should be owned by the community as a whole | socialism |
| Frederick Douglass | dynamic spokesman for abolitionists, escaped slavery in 1838 and lectured for abolitionism saying the Constitution was a glorious liberty document for all, founded THE NORTH STAR NEWSPAPER |
| Liberty Party | 1840 (FIRST ANTISLAVERY PARTY) opposed the expansion of slavery in the territories, condemned racial discrimination and slavery |
| Abolitionist Movement sought to.. | end slavery |
| William Lloyd Garrison | abolitionist and advocate for women's rights, wrote in The Liberator |
| Susan B. Anthony | SENECA FALLS CONVENTION AND THE DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, she traveled around the country delivering speeches in favor of women's suffrage, helped pass NY’s Married Women’s Property and Wages Act of 1860. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | first ever national convention devoted to women’s rights called upon by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott in 1849, sought to speak out for oppressed women, took place in Seneca Falls, NY |
| Declaration of Sentiments | called for full female equality, identified male patriarchy as the source of women’s oppression and demanded the vote for women as a sacred and inalienable right of republican citizenship, defined the goals of women’s movement for the rest of the century |
| Use your google slides to study ch 13 | Good Luck! |
Created by:
mrmiklosey
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