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History: E.C.Ireland
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a monastery? | A monastery is a closed, religious community usually made up of monks |
| The celts | |
| What religion were the celts? | They were pagan. |
| A pagan is someone who worships various gods, often with a focus on nature or the earth | |
| Druids were spiritual, pagan figures similar to priests in Pre-Christian Celtic Ireland. | |
| They were farmers and warriors who had come from Central Europe and their beliefs were pagan. | |
| When did Christianity/ the Roman Empire spread as far as England? | Around the 3rd century AD |
| It was Palladius and he came to Ireland in AD 431 | |
| Who was st Patrick? | St Patrick was brought as a slave from wales to Ireland when he was 16 years old. After 6 years in Ireland he escaped to Britain, but then came back as a bishop to spread Christianity to Ireland. He worked in Ireland, converting people from AD 432 -AD 461 |
| St Enda in around AD 500 | |
| Inis Mór, is found in the Aran Islands | |
| What is a monk? | Monks are men who dedicate themselves to a religious order and to life in a monastery. |
| Strict, simple lives | |
| What type of lives did monks live? | |
| Is a book written by hand | |
| St Patrick’s confessio is his book, where he documented his founding of churches and missions | |
| What is St Patrick’s confessio? | |
| He claimed he ‘captised thousands’ and ‘Ordained clerics everywhere’ | |
| What designs were common on art and why? | Celtic symbols and designs were, this showed the mixing of Christianity and Celtic culture. |
| Lots of pagan festivals overtime absorbed into Christianity. Samhain (pagan) became Hallowe’en. | |
| Scribe, stonemason, farmer and metalworker. | |
| How did monks survive? | They were Self sufficient. |
| Self sufficient means to produce all your own food. | |
| The land of Saints and scholars | |
| Nearby towns | |
| Scribes worked in the scriptorium, where they copied manuscripts | |
| Farmers worked in the fields, where they did ploughing, milking, harvesting and grinding corn | |
| Teaching poetry, literature, arts and gospel. | |
| They made detailed, objects made out of metal, usually made with silver and decorated with gold | |
| Small, stone huts shaped like beehives. | |
| Monks slept in beehive huts. In smaller monasteries like Sceilg Mhicil Co. Kerry (steep rocky island with a stone church) | |
| The isolation meant they could focus more on God and their work | |
| The abbot | |
| Eat, usually in silence | |
| What was the oratory for? | Mass and Praying, 6-8 times a day |
| What was a round tower? | A bell tower and a safe place if under attack for both people and treasure. The door and small windows were high up, only reachable by a ladder. |
| Protection | |
| They contained the gospels and psalms | |
| They were written in Latin, by the use of parchment (sheep and calf skin) and quills | |
| Cathach of St. Columba - 6th century (oldest) Book of kells (AD 800) Book of Durrow (AD650- 700 ) | |
| What did monks decorate silver with | Gold and amber and enamel and coloured glass |
| Ardagh chalice- 8th century Derrynaflan Chalice- 9th century | |
| A high stone cross is a freestanding stone cross, usually with elaborate carvings showing scenes from the bible | |
| Cross of the scriptures - Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly (late 10th century) Muiredachs cross -Monasterboice, Co. Louth (mid 9th to 10th century) | |
| Modern day Scandinavia, which is Denmark, Norway and Sweden | |
| They were farmers and fishermen with superb shipbuilding and navigation skills. | |
| Voyage to many countries- including Ireland | |
| They would sail away from their land and let a raven fly to the nearest land and they would follow it. | |
| Longships | |
| They were capable of crossing stormy seas, but also able to sail up a river with how shallow the boats were. | |
| The danish harbour of roskilde, and they used carbon 14 dating and dendrochronology to find the wood originated from Glendalough, felled in AD 1042. | |
| AD 795 | |
| Camps by the water used as a base for raids | |
| Dublin, Wexford, limerick and Waterford | |
| Who were the people who lived in Ireland prior to Christianity? | |
| What is a pagan? | |
| What were druids? | |
| Who were the celts? | |
| What was the first recorded source of Christianity in Ireland? | |
| Who founded the first monastery in Ireland and when? | |
| What was the name of the first monastery? | |
| Manuscript | |
| What did St, Patrick’s Confessio say | |
| What happened to paganism and Christianity? | |
| What were jobs monks could have to create art (artefacts now)? | |
| What does self sufficient mean? | |
| What was Ireland called after the popularity of Christianity? | |
| What did big monasteries have contact with? | |
| Where did scribes work? | |
| Where did farmers work? | |
| What did monastries become well known for because they were centres of learning? | |
| What did metalworkers/ craftsmen create? | |
| What were beehive huts? | |
| What were the purpose of beehive huts? Give an example. | |
| Why were monastries often isolated? | |
| Who was the head of the monastery? | |
| What did the monks do in the refectory? | |
| What was the circular wall for? | |
| What did manuscripts contain? | |
| What were the manuscripts written in, and with what material? | |
| Examples of manuscripts. | |
| Examples of metalwork? | |
| What is a high stone cross? | |
| High stone cross examples? | |
| Where did the vikings come from? | |
| Who were the vikings? | |
| What did their navigation skills allow them to do? | |
| How would they find land? | |
| What were vikings boats? | |
| What were longships? | |
| Example of a longship. | |
| When were the first recorded Viking raids? | |
| What were longphorts? | |
| Name places that used to be longphorts? | |
| Why did vikings attack monasteries? | They were isolated places with treasure and no warriors to defend it. The could also take cattle, food and captives and sell them as slaves. |
| Who was also attacking monasteries during this time? | The Native Irish |
| Viking houses? | Rectangular, with thatched roofs, wattle and daub walls and it had a hearth in the middle. Toilet and rubbish pits and fences. |
| What was the golden age of irish monasteries? | Europe was going through the dark ages, and monasteries were being constantly attacked, so some Irish monks travelled to Europe to set up monasteries and spread Christianity. |
| What did art like high crosses do for the public? Give an example of one. | Since most were illiterate, the pictures showed bible scenes and taught people. Cross of the Scriptures in Clonmacnoise, co. Offaly |
| Give an example of a Viking settlement in Ireland that was found/excavated. | Wood Quay Dublin. Artefacts like glass beads, brooches, and necklaces were found. |
Created by:
KMcBride007
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