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Unit 8
Civil War and Reconstruction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| scalawag | white Southerner who supported Reconstruction |
| carpetbagger | Northerner who moved to the South and were in control of Reconstruction governments (often for personal gain) |
| 13th Amendment | Reconstruction Amendment that abolished slavery |
| 14th Amendment | Reconstruction Amendment that granted citizenship to those born in the United States, guaranteed rights to all citizens and declared that someone could not be deprived of rights without due process |
| 15th Amendment | Reconstruction Amendment that gave African Americans the right to vote |
| sharecroppers | a poor farmer (poor whites for former slaves) who were given a piece of land in exchange for giving part of their crop to their landlord. Also had to buy supplies on credit. Often, this left them with barely enough to feed their families. |
| segregation | separation of the races |
| impeachment | The House of Representatives charges a federal official with wrongdoing. A trial then begins in the Senate. |
| Ku Klux Klan | Terrorist group whose purpose was to prevent African Americans from exercising their rights after the Civil War. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme Court case that ruled that segregation was legal as long as facilities were separate but equal |
| poll tax | fee paid in order to vote. One of the says Southern governments limited the right to vote for African Americans following Reconstruction. |
| literacy tests | voters had to answer questions about government, history and state and federal constitutions in order to vote. One of the says Southern governments limited the right to vote for African Americans following Reconstruction. |
| grandfather clause | laws that allowed those who could not pass the literacy tests or pay the poll tax to vote if they, their fathers or grandfathers(in other words, a direct relative) had been able to vote. |
| Reconstruction | period after the Civil War in which Southern states are readmitted to the Union. Major issues needing to be addressed were what to do about freed slaves and their rights and what to do about former Confederates |
| Jim Crow Laws | laws that are passed in the South immediately following Reconstruction that results in strict racial separation. |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Single Deadliest battle of the Civil War. Was a turning point in the Civil War. |
| Fort Sumter | Location of the First Battle of the Civil War. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Abraham Lincoln's declaration that after the Civil War, slavery would no longer exist in the South. |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Agency set up after the Civil War to assist former slaves in finding relatives, buying/acquiring land, borrowing money and receiving education. |
| Black Codes | Law codes that replaced the old slave codes designed to limit the rights and movement of former slaves. |
| Compromise of 1877 | Allowed Rutherford B. Hayes to become President in exchange for removing troops from the South (among other things). Marks the end of Reconstruction. |
| Radical Reconstruction | Period where Congressional Republicans controlled Reconstructions and worked to give full rights (including voting) to former slaves in the South and limit participation for former Confederate officials. |
Created by:
mrfordglobal
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