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clinical theory 1-2
theory 1-2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the musculoskeletal system include. | bones, muscles and joints |
| 5 functions of bones. | framework, protection of organs, attachment for muscles in movement, formation of rbc, store minerals such as calcium and phosphorous |
| what are joints. | joints are places where bones come together. |
| average adult has how many bones. | 206 |
| what are muscles. | muscles are responsible for movement |
| can bones move without muscles. | no |
| what are bones. | bones are complete organs |
| formation of bones. | the formation of bones are dependant of proper supply of calcium and phosphorous to bone tissue |
| long bones. | arms and legs |
| short bones | wrist and ankles |
| flat bones | cover body parts, shoulder, ribs,pelvis, skull |
| sesamoid bones | shaped like sesame seeds, are near joints; the patella(knee cap) is the largest example |
| how many types of bones are there. | 4 different types:long, short, flat, sesamoid. |
| 2 bones cell types. | osteoclast and osteoblast |
| osteoclast | breaks down the bone with a type of acid |
| osteoblast | rebuilds bone that the osteoclast breaksdown |
| long bone structure | diaphysis, epiphysis, epiphyseal line |
| diaphysis | the shaft of the bone |
| epiphysis | each end of the bone |
| epiphyseal line | thin layer of cartilage |
| interior bone structure | periosteum, articular cartilage, compact bone, spongy bone |
| periosteum | covers the bones, its a strong fibrous vascular membrane |
| compact bones | lies beneath the periosteum and is around the shaft of the long bone |
| inside the bone | hollow (medullary cavity) filled with yellow bone marrow |
| spongy bone | cancellous bone less dense than compact bone and is found at the end of long bones |
| spongy bones produce | red blood cells and are filled with red bone marrow |
| two divisions of the skeleton system | axial, appendicular |
| axial | head, trunk, shoulder girdle |
| appendicular | arms, legs, hip girdle |
| what is a joint | articulation or coming together of two or more bones |
| what joints are immovable | the suture joints in the skull (baby soft spot) |
| synovial joint | bones that are separated by a fibrous cartilage joint capsule |
| ligaments | often anchor the bones together around the capsule |
| articular cartilage | covers the end of bones |
| synovial membrane | lines the capsule |
| synovial fluid | nourishes and lubricates the joint |
| bursae | closed sacs of synovial fluid |
| fracture | sudden breaking of a bone |
| closed fracture | bone is broken and there is no open wound in the skin |
| compound open fracture | bone is broken and there is open wound in the skin as a result |
| osteogenic sarcoma | malignant tumor arising from the bone, osteoblast are multiplying out of control and form a large tumor(especially at the end of long bones) |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of bone and bone marrow |
| etiology | is a bacterial infection |
| osteomalacia | softening of the bone with inadequate amt of minerals in the bone like calcium |
| osteoporosis | decrease in bone density...lack of estrogen...often occuring in older women |
| ankylosing spondylitis | chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine |
| dislocation | displascement of a bone from its joint |
Created by:
nyrican
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