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Unit 5 - Chapter 7
American Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| George Washington | Commander of Continental Army throughout the war |
| John Burgoyne | British General - lost battle of Saratoga; known as "Gentleman Johnny" because he traveled with so much baggage |
| Francis Marion | known as the "Swamp Fox"; led a group of Carolina guerrilla fighters in surprise attacks & raids against the British in the south |
| Baron Von Steuben | Prussian / German who trained the Continental Army during the winter at Valley Forge |
| Ethan Allen | led the Green Mountain Boys to capture Fort Ticonderoga |
| Nathan Hale | hung by the British after he was caught spying for the Americans in the Battles for New York; "I only regret that I have one life to lose for my country" |
| Deborah Sampson | joined the Continental Army disguised as a man |
| Molly Pitcher | reference to women who carried water for the soldiers & artillery in battle; one took the place of her husband when he fell in battle |
| Lord Charles Cornwallis | general in charge of British troops in the south; best known for surrendering at Yorktown |
| John Paul Jones | American naval officer - defeated British warship "Serapis"; "I have not yet begun to fight" |
| Benedict Arnold | American hero who became a traitor; conspired to turn over American fort at West Point in New York |
| Marquis de Lafayette | young French nobleman who joined the Continental Army and used his own money to buy supplies for the Americans |
| Battle of Bunker's Hill | Americans lost because they ran out of ammo; proved they would not be easily defeated |
| Battle of Saratoga | British General John (Gentleman Johnny) Burgoyne’s lose to Americans convinced France to sign a treaty of alliance with the United States. |
| Lexington & Concord | 1st Battles of the American Revolution |
| Battle of Trenton | Washington & Continental Army crossed the Delaware River on Christmas night & surprised the Hessians; American victory here renewed American spirits. |
| Valley Forge | Winter camp for Continental Army; there was a lack of food, clothing & many died; they were also trained in military procedures |
| Battle of King's Mountain | Turning point of the war in the South; from this point, Americans would win |
| Battle of Yorktown | Final battle of war; on a peninsula surrounded by American & French troops & escape cut off by the French Navy, Cornwallis was forced to surrender. |
| mercenary | a professional soldier hired by a foreign army; fights for money rather than principle |
| ally | a country that agrees to help or support another country |
| strategy | a carefully made plan or plot; a plan of military operations |
| privateer | privately owned ship that a wartime government gives permission to attack an enemy's merchant ships |
| guerrilla | a member of a loosely organized fighting force that makes surprise attacks on enemy troops occupying his/her country ; uses hit and run tactics |
| bayonet | a knife that can be fixed to the end of a rifle and used as a weapon |
| Hessians | German mercenaries hired by George III to fight the American revolutionaries |
| Loyalists | American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence |
| The Crisis | series of pamphlets written by Thomas Paine to emcourage colonists during the hard times of the war; includes the quote, "these are the times that try men's souls..." |
| George Rogers Clark | American who led group of frontiersmen to capture the Ohio Valley & Mississippi |
| Dorchester Heights | Cannons brought here from Fort Ticonderoga forced British troops to leave Boston |
| General Thomas Gage | Leader of British troops at the beginning of the Revolutionary War |
| General William Howe | took command of British forces in America after the Battle of Bunker Hill. He captured New York and Philadelphia. |
| Thomas Paine | Author of “Common Sense”, also wrote a series of pamphlets called “The Crises” (These the times that try men’s souls) |
| Treaty of Paris - 1783 | Treaty formally ending the war |
Created by:
vwilliams
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