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3.8/9 Lawmaking
Civics Florida Standard SS.7.C.3.8/9 Processes of Lawmaking
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| act | legislation which has passed both houses of Congress in identical form, been signed into law by the president, or passed over his veto, therefore becoming law |
| appointment | job or duty that is given to a person |
| appointment confirmation | the process of the Senate approving the president’s choices for certain positions within the government |
| bicameral | having two chambers (e.g. the two houses of Congress, the Senate and the House of Representatives) |
| bill | an idea being suggested to become a law |
| Cabinet | persons appointed by a head of state to head executive departments of government and act as official advisers |
| Chief Justice | the head justice, the Chief Justice is “first among equals” |
| city commissioner or council member | a member of the governing body of a city |
| committee selection | how representatives and senators are chosen for their assigned committees |
| conference committee | a temporary panel composed of House and Senate members, which is formed for the purpose of reconciling differences in legislation that has passed both chambers. Conference committees are usually convened to resolve differences on major and controversial legislation. |
| constituents | people public officials are elected to represent |
| county commissioner or council member | a member of the governing body of a county |
| court order | a formal statement from a court that orders someone to do or stop doing something |
| executive order | an order that comes from the U.S. President or a government agency and must be obeyed like a law |
| home rule | self-government by citizens at the local level |
| how a bill becomes a law | the process of how a proposed law (“bill”) moves through Congress and the president in order to become a law |
| impeach | to bring formal charges of wrongdoing against a public official (such as the U.S. President) |
| judgment | a formal decision given by a court |
| judicial review | the power of the U.S. courts to examine the laws or actions of the legislative and executive branches of the government and to determine whether such actions are consistent with the U.S. Constitution |
| jurisdiction | the right and power for courts to interpret and apply the law |
| law | a rule established by government or other source of authority to regulate people’s conduct or activities |
| majority leader | a position where a Member of Congress is elected by the majority party to serve as the chief spokesperson for that party and to manage and schedule the business of either house |
| majority party | the political party with the most elected members |
| majority vote | the Senate may agree to any question by a majority of senators voting, if a quorum is present. |
| mayor | the head of government for a city, town or other municipality |
| minority leader | a position where a member of Congress is elected by the minority party to serve as the chief spokesperson for the party and to support the majority party in managing and scheduling the business of either house |
| minority party | the political party second in number of elected members to the majority party |
| nominate | to suggest a person for a position or office |
| ordinance | a law enacted by a city or county affecting local affairs such as traffic, noise, and animal control |
| pardon | the formal act of forgiving someone or excusing a mistake |
| President pro tempore of the Senate | the person who presides over the Senate when the Vice President is not present |
| presidential appointment | the power of the president to nominate persons to fill positions in the federal government |
| school board | the group of persons elected to manage local public schools |
| Speaker of the House | an office identified in Article I, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution; the leader of the U.S. House of Representatives, usually the highest-ranking member of the majority party |
| special committee | a permanent committee established under the standing rules of both houses of Congress that focuses specific subject areas (e.g. Special Committee on Aging) |
| special interest groups | people who are concerned with some particular issue or part of the government and who try to influence legislators to act in their favor |
| standing committee | permanent committee that focuses on specific subject areas (e.g. Education and the Workforce Committee) |
| state legislator | a member of the Florida House of Representatives (state representative) or Florida Senate (state senator) |
| state representative | a member of a state legislature (i.e. the Florida House of Representatives) |
| state senator | a member of a state legislature (i.e. the Florida Senate) |
| statute | a law enacted at the state level |
| summary judgment | a judgment decided by a trial court without that case going to trial; a summary judgment is an attempt to stop a case from going to trial |
| United States representative | a member of the U.S House of Representatives; representatives are elected in districts throughout each state |
| United States senator | a member of the U.S. Senate elected to represent an entire state, there are two senators per state |
| veto | a decision by an executive authority such as a president or governor to reject a proposed law or statue |
| writ of certiorari | the procedure to see if the U.S. Supreme Court will hear a case; a writ of certiorari is issues when a higher level court agrees to hear an appeal of an inferior court’s decision |
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