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u.s gov. ch.9
u.s government chapter 9: public opinion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Public Opinion | the aggregation of views shared by a segment of society on issues of interest or concern to people |
| Political Socialization | the process by which people acquire political beliefs |
| Propaganda | information designed to shape public opinion |
| Sample | the group of people who take part in a poll |
| Bias | errors introduced by polling methods that led to one outcome over others |
| Exit Poll | a survey of a randomly selected fraction of voters after they have voted |
| Public Policy | the choices the government makes and the actions it takes in response to a particular issue or problem |
| Mass Media | means of communication that provides information to a large audience, including magazines, radio, television news, and news on the web |
| Poll | a survey of people scientifically selected to provide opinions about something |
| Sampling Error | a poll's margin of error, or uncertainty level |
| Objectivity | freedom from bias and outside factors that may influence the results of a poll |
| Special Interest Group | an association of people who hold similar views or goals |
| Political Action Committee | an organization created to raise and contribute money legally to the campaigns of political candidates |
| Trade Association | a business group that represents certain industries or parts of industries |
| Labor Unions | organizations of workers who do the same job or work in related industries |
| Endorse | to publicly declare support for a particular candidate in an election |
| Lobbying | contacting a public official to persuade the official to support the group's interest |
| Grass Roots | the lowest level of an organization or society |
| Political Party | an organized group that seeks to win elections in order to influence the activities of government |
| Political Spectrum | the difference in political views held by the different political parties |
| Nomination Process | the process of nominating candidates for elective office |
| Electorate | the body of people entitled to vote |
| One-party System | a system of government in which a single political party controls government |
| Two-party System | a system of government in which two political parties control government |
| Multiparty System | a system of government in which several political parties compete for control of the government |
| Third Party | any political party in a two-party system besides the two major ones |
| Independent Candidate | a candidate who is not associated with any political party |
| Precinct | the smallest unit of area for administering elections and local voting |
| Ward | a voting district made up of several precincts |
| Hard Money | money that is donated to an individual campaign |
| Soft Money | money that is given to a political party rather than to a specific candidate |
| Write-in Candidates | political candidates who announce that they are running for an office and ask voters to write in their names on the ballot |
| Caucus | a meeting of party members who select the candidates to run for election |
| Direct Primary | a primary, or first, election in which the party's candidate for office is chosen directly by voters |
| Closed Primary | a primary election in which only voters registered as party members can vote in selecting that party's candidates |
| Open Primary | a primary election in which any registered voter may vote in either party's primary election |
| Plurality | when a candidate in an election has more voters than any other candidate |
| Absentee Ballot | a ballot submitted on or before election day by a voter who cannot be present on election day |
| What kind of system does the United States have? | a two-party system |
| How do political parties contribute to the public good? | by selecting candidates and educating voters |
| What are some factors that may affect voters? | -their religion -experiences -age |
| what helps direct public policy? | public opinion |
| What factors help influence individual opinion? | -family -friends -age |
| What can help shape public opinion? | the media |
| What measures public opinion? | polls |
| What can affect public policy? | interest groups |
| What is aggregation? | a group, body, or mass composed of many distinct parts or individuals |
| What are the four criticisms on mass media? | -bias in reporting -bias in story selection -factual inaccuracy -media consolidation |
| Interest Group | people who share similar views and goals |
| What are Political Action Committees? | an organization created to raise and contribute money legally to the campaigns of political candidates |
| What are the roles of Special Interest Groups? | -organize people who share concerns -provide members with a means of political participation -supply information to the public and policy makers |
| What are the rolls of Trade Associations? | represent certain industries and parts of industries |
| Why are political parties important? | they are the way we nominate, elect, and monitor our representatives |
| What is an ideology? | the integrated assertions, theories, and aims that make up a social or political program |
| What are the functions of political parties? | -nominate candidates -educate people about issues and try to motivate people to vote -help the electorate to register to vote and learn about the party's position -act as "watchdogs" -help run the government |
| What are the names of the two major political parties in the U.S? | -democrats -republicans |
| How do candidates pay for political campaigns? | -political action committees -the candidate's party -private individuals -the candidate's personal funds -public funds |
| What factors influence why people vote the way they do? | -party identification -issues -a candidate's background -the voter's background |
Created by:
cruz14
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