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Egypt Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| obelisk | a four sided pillar with a top shaped like a pyramid |
| hieroglyphic | a picture or symbol used to represent a word, syllable, or sound |
| papyrus | a tall reed like plant growing by the bank of the Nile River |
| Sphinx | a stone structure with the head of a human and the body of a lion; built by King Khafre |
| pyramid | protected the body of the pharaoh after death and allowed the "akh" or spirit, to enjoy life's pleasures for eternity |
| pharaoh | (means "great house") title belonging to the ruler of ancient Egypt who was worshipped as god |
| silt | a mixture of tiny bits of soil and rock, over the land near a river, providing fertile farmland |
| Great Pyramid | tomb of King Khufu; largest building in the world until 20th century; one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World |
| Rosetta Stone | 3 languages (2 forms of Egyptian writing and one in Greek) written on a stone found in the small town of Rosetta and used to unlock the language of the ancient Egyptians |
| natron | mineral salt found in soil from dry lake beds and used by Egyptians to dry out corpse during mummification process |
| mummification | 70-day process used by Egyptians to preserve the body for Eternity |
| canopic jars | 4 sealed containers used to preserve vital organs (stomach, liver, lungs, and intestines) of the deceased pharaoh for the After-life |
| Book of the Dead | book containing spells and was enclosed with the mummified body allowing the "BA", or soul, to pass safely through the Underworld |
| Anubis | Afterlife god that weighed the heart of the dead person during the Judgement stage after death |
| Osiris | Afterlife god in charge of the Underworld |
| Horus | Afterlife god in charge of leading the "BA", or soul, safely to Judgement |
| sarcarphcous | outer container made in the image of the pharaoh that secured the layered coffins inside |
| archaeologist | an expert in the scientific study of the way man lived in the past by digging the remains of ancient citiesm towns, and tombs, to study |
| irrigate | to supply land with water by means of channels, streams, or pipes |
| reign | the period of rule of a monarch or other ruler |
| dynasty | a line of rulers who belong to the same family; the period of time during which a dynasty rules |
| custom | an accepted social habit or pattern of behavior of a group; learned and passed from one generation to the next |
| Ramses II | a pharaoh of the 19th dynasty of ancient Egypt ; responsible for building many cities, temples, and huge statues of himself; an aggressive military leader |
| Hatshepsut | fifth pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt who reigned for almost 22 years; regarded as one of the most successful female pharaohs |
| Tutankhamen | "Living Image of Amun"; a pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt who ruled for 9 years; tomb discovered by Howard Carter in 1922 renewing interest in ancient Egypt in modern times |
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