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S1 Study Guide
US History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Reasons why American Colonists settled where they did | They wanted to escape religious persecutions |
| Foundations of American Democracy | separation of powers and checks/balances= prevent one branch of govt becoming too powerful/subject to corruption |
| Why did the Anti-Federalists oppose the ratification of the Constitution in 1787? | They feared the new national govt would be too powerful/threaten individual liberties |
| Thomas Paine and Common Sense | Marshaled moral/political arguments to encourage people in Colonies to fight for egalitarian govt- Independence from GB |
| Declaration of Independence | Pronouncement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia |
| Shay's Rebellion | Armed uprising in Western Massachusetts in opposition a debt crisis among the citizenry/the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes both on individual/trades; |
| Louisiana Purchase | The acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from France in 1803 |
| Missouri Compromise of 1890 | Legislation that provided for the admission of Maine to the United States as a free state along with Missouri as a slave state |
| Manifest Destiny | 19th-century doctrine/belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. |
| Economic differences of the North and South prior to the Civil War | North had a more diversified economy based on free labor. The South had an agrarian economy based on slave labor/mainly production of cotton for export |
| Lincolns goal in the Civil War | Lasting peace among ourselves/end slavery |
| Seneca Falls Convention | First women's rights convention in the United States |
| Reconstruction Period | (1865–77) that followed the American Civil War and during which attempts made to redress the inequities of slavery/its political/social/economic legacy |
| President Andrew Johnson and the Reconstruction Period | Implemented a plan of Reconstruction that gave the white South a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom/offered no role to blacks in the politics of the South |
| Results of Civil War | 13-15 Amendments |
| Black Codes | Laws governing the conduct of African Americans- restrict African Americans' freedom/compel them to work for low wages |
| Native Americans | Native people to the land who got kicked out and killed for the land- cultured then stripped of everything |
| Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 | US federal law signed prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers |
| Indian Wars between 1860-1890 | |
| Homestead Act of 1862 | Provided that any adult/intended citizen who had never borne arms against the U.S. government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land |
| Transcontinental Railroad | Continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Council Bluffs |
| Development if the Great Plains | Great American Desert-first westward-bound pioneers bypassed the Great Plains-railroads were largely responsible for their development after the Civil War. An initial wave of settlement was followed by emigration in times of drought |
| Three-fifths Compromise | Count three out of every five slaves as people for this purpose- effect was to give the Southern states a third more seats in Congress/a third more electoral votes than if slaves had been ignored/fewer than if slaves/free people had been counted equally. |
| Reconstruction goals after the Civil War | Bring the South back into the Union while protecting the rights and safety of the newly freed slaves |
| Economic impact of the Civil War | Primarily tied up in-slave economy- economic value of slaves exceeded the invested value of all of the nation's railroads, factories, and banks combined-eve of the Civil War-cotton prices were all-time high |
| Tenements | Apartment houses that barely meet or fail to meet the minimum standards of safety/sanitation/comfort |
| Womens Suffrage Movement | Decades-long fight to win the right to vote for women |
| Battleship Maine | US Navy ship- sank in Havana Harbor(February 1898) contributing to outbreak of- Spanish–American War in April |
| Why was the North worried about Great Britain during the Civil War | People of Great Britain had forbidden slavery in their lands/holdings in 1833- Great Britain's involvement within the American Civil War was a factor during the war itself/ legacy of their involvement- affect the US foreign policy for years to come |
| Impressments | Colloquially "the press"/"press gang"- taking of men into a military/naval force by compulsion- w- w/o notice |
| Trail of Tears | Series of forced relocations- 60,000 Native Americans in US from their ancestral homelands in Southeastern US- to areas west of the Mississippi River- been designated as Indian Territory |
| Why did the South secede from the Union | Desire to preserve the institution of slavery |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." |
| Why could Lincoln not carry out his plan of Reconstruction | Radical Republicans opposed Lincoln's plan- thought it too lenient toward the South-Radical Republicans believed-Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction was not harsh enough- believed the South was guilty of starting the war/deserved to be punished as such |
| Muckrakers | Reform-minded journalists in the Progressive Era- exposed established institutions/leaders as corrupt- had large audiences in popular magazines |
| Who had great job opportunities during WW1 when they did not before the war | Large numbers of women were recruited into jobs vacated by men who had gone to fight in the war- working in areas that were formerly reserved for men |
| Treaty of Versailles | Ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. |
| Rapid Growth of Cities | Urbanization(urbanisation)-population shift from rural areas to urban areas + increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas/the ways in which each society adapts to this change |
| Why did US enter WW1 | 1)Germans' decision to resume the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare 2)the so-called "Zimmerman telegram," intercepted by the British 3)Lusitania sinking |
| League of Nations | International diplomatic group developed after World War I- to solve disputes between countries before they erupted into open warfare |
| Progressivism | Support for or advocacy of social reform |
| Americans reaction to WW1 | American public was outraged by the news of the Zimmerman telegram/along with Germany's resumption of submarine attacks= lead to the U.S. to join the war. |
| Lusitania sinking | German U-boat torpedoed British-owned steamship Lusitania= killing 1,128 people including 128 Americans, on May 7, 1915 |
| Zimmerman Telegram | Secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico |
Created by:
istr2002
Popular U.S. History sets