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BSR micro
micro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ability to cause disease | Pathogenicity |
| Use of pili or fimbriae | Adherence to host |
| Collagenase or hyaluronidase | Invasion |
| Change of shape of surface antigens | Antigenic switching |
| Ability to cause serious disease | Virulence |
| Infections that are hospital acquired | nosocomial |
| Disease that is caused by health professionals | iatrogenic |
| Two dissimilar organisms living together | symbiosis |
| One benefits; other unaffected | commensalism |
| hookworms causing iron deficiency | parasitism |
| vitamin K producing bacteria | mutualism |
| bacterial growth phases: | lag phase log phase stationary phase death phase |
| lag phase | metabolic activity without division |
| log phase | exponential growth |
| stationary | growth = death |
| death phase | nutrients are completely used up |
| Nonspecific immunity is also known as | innate immunity |
| The process that attracts white blood cells to the area of damage | chemotaxis |
| 95% of circulating lymphocytes are | T lymphocytes |
| B lymphocytes are also known as | plasma cells |
| Complement fragments that bind to the surface of bacteria are called | opsonins |
| Most abundant in circulation | IgG--monomer |
| In saliva, tears, and breast milk | IgA--Dimer |
| Secreted early on; agglutination, phagocytosis, and lysis | IgM--Pentamer |
| Parasitic infections | IgE--Monomer |
| Activates B cells | IgD--Monomer |
| 3 Immunoglobulins that are monomers | IgG IgD IgE |
| The Fab (arms of the Y) is responsible for | antigen binding specificity |
| Antibodies belong to a class of proteins called | immunoglobulins |
| Antibodies have this shape | Y |
| The Fc (tail of the Y) region determines the type of | immunoglobulin |
| Antibodies bind to (promotes destruction of) | antigens |
| Lymphocytes involved in humoral immunity | B lymphocytes |
| Lymphocytes involved in cell-mediated immunity | T lymphocytes |
| Antibodies produced after infection | Natural active |
| Antibodies transferred to the infant at birth | Natural passive |
| Antibodies induced by immunization | Artificial active |
| Antibodies injected into the patient | Artificial passive |
| Type I hypersensitivity reaction | Mast cell degranulation |
| Type II hypersensitivity reaction | Cytotoxic |
| Type III hypersensitivity reaction | Immune complex deposits |
| Type IV hypersensitivity reaction | Delayed hypersensitivity |
| All DNA viruses are double stranded except the | Parvo virus |
| The human papilloma virus causes | cervical cancer |
| All the hepatitis viruses are RNA except | hepatitis B |
| The Epstein Barr virus is associated with | Burkitt's Lymphoma (& Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma) |
| All RNA viruses are single stranded except the | Rota virus (REO) |
| Downey cells are also known as | atypical lymphocytes |
| The Paul Bunnel test is positive for | HHV Type IV (Epstein Barr Virus) |
| The Parvo B19 virus causes | slapped cheek syndrome |
| The Epstein Barr virus is | HHV type 4 |
| HHV type 3 is | varicella zoster virus |
| HHV types 1 & 2 are associated with | coldsores |
| Cytomegalovirus is HHV type | 5 |
| HHV type 8 causes | Kaposi's sarcoma |
| The most common cause of the common cold is the | Rhino virus |
| The 2nd most common cause of the common cold is the | Corona virus |
| Dengue fever virus is spread by the | Aedes aegypti mosquitoes |
| Hepatitis B and C are spread by | sex, blood transfusions, and the use of intravenous drugs |
| Measles is also known as | rubeola |
| Mumps is associated with the | paramyxo virus |
| Poliomyelitis causes | flaccid muscle paralysis |
| Negri bodies in the brain are associated with | rabies |
| ARBO viruses are spread by | mosquitoes |
| The Zika virus is believed to cause | microcephaly in pregnant women |
| Bacteria that cannot live without oxygen are classified as | obligate aerobes |
| Clostridia is an example of an | obligate anaerobe |
| Can live without oxygen but prefer to have some available | Facultative anaerobes |
| Bacteria that prefer cold temperatures | Psychrophiles |
| Comma shaped | vibrio |
| Round shaped | coccus |
| Rod shaped | bacillus |
| All bacteria have cells walls except | Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
| Rickettsia ricketsii causes | Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
| Borrelia burgdorferi causes | Lyme's disease |
| Leprosy is also known as | Hansen's disease |
| Infection of bone | Osteomyelitis |
| Deep painful skin infection (hair follicles) | Carbuncles |
| Fever, chills, and blistering skin rash | Erysipelas |
| Fever, red rash, and strawberry tongue | Scarlet fever |
| Skin infection with honey colored crusts | Impetigo |
| Fever, joint pains, and erythema marginatum | Rheumatic fever |
| Gas gangrene | Clostridium perfringes (gas perforates) |
| Trismus | Clostridium tetani (T-rismus, T-etani) |
| Spread by inhalation | Bacillus anthracis (an-thorax-is) |
| Grey pseudo-membrane | - Corynebacterium diptheria (dip-there-in grey paint to coat pseudo-membrane) |
| Blocks acetylcholine release | Clostridium botulinum (block-ulinum) |
| Causes atypical pneumonia | Legionella pneumophilia (pneumonia--pneumophiia) |
| Causes undulant fever | Brucella abortus (Bruce had a bad fever) |
| Causes cat scratch disease | Bartonella henselae (the cat Bart Henselae scratched me) |
| Causes whooping cough | Bordetella pertussis (tussis is latin for cough) |
| Causes chancroid | Hemophelia ducreyi (i do cry when i get a chancroid) |
| Causes the plague | Yersinia pestis (pests) |
| Traveler's diarrhea, UTI | Eschericia coli (diarrhea is rough on the coli-n) |
| Bloody diarrhea | Shigella dysenteriae (shit, Ella, dysentery makes bloody diarrhea) |
| Red currant jelly sputum | Klebsiella pneuomoniae (kielbossa jelly) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | Helicobacter pylori (pyloric PUD) |
| Produced from dead gram negative bacteria | Endotoxins |
| Blocks glycine | Tetanus |
| Rice water stool | Vibrio cholera |
| Muscle (Ach) | Botulism |
| Bacillary dysentery refers to | bloody diarrhea |
| Infection of the coverings of the brain | Meningitis |
| Which pneumonias are NOT caused by more common organisms like streptococcus or kelbsiella pneumoniae | Atypical pneumonias |
| Tinea capitis-(Cap) | head |
| Tinea corporis-(Corpse) | body |
| Tinea cruris-(Crotch) | groin |
| Tinea pedis-(punt) | feet |
| Tinea manum-(mangle) | hand |
| Tinea ungium-(ungs) | nail |
| A thick, white, cheesy discharge is seen with a | Candida albicans infection |
| Microorganisms that are eukaryotic with ergosterol in the cell membranes | Fungal |
| Some fungi are dimorphic and can exist as | mold or yeast |
| Another name for ringworm--Tina | Tinea |
| Required for growth of dermatophytes | keratin |
| Also known as Ohio Valley fever | histOplasmosis--(Hist-Ohio-plasmo) |
| Also known as San Joaquin Valley fever | coccidiomycosis--(Joaquin Phoenix) |
| The most deadly form of malaria is associated with | plasmodium falciparum |
| Hiker's diarrhea is associated with this most common intestinal parasite. | giardia lamblia |
| Ascaris lumbricoides | roundworm--(A scar is lumbar round) |
| Necator americanus | hookworm--(Hooked on American nectar--Iron deficiency anemia) |
| Enterobius vermicularis | pinworm--(pins enter vermin)--MC intestinal nematode in USA |
| Trichinella spiralis | pork roundworm--(Tri-Spork) |
| Lives on the outside of the host | ectoparasite |
| In malaria, the mosquito is the | vector |
| Multicellular parasites | metazoa |
| Moves by pseudopodia | amoeba |
| The flagellata that causes a green, frothy, malodorous vaginal discharge-(Tri-colored vagina) | trichomona vaginalis |
| The most common intestinal parasite in the USA is | giardia lamblia |
| Sleeping sickness is transmitted by the (Teets make sleepy) | tsetse fly (Tryp-on-Bruce) |
| Trypanosoma cruzi causes | chagas disease--(choking) |
| Plasmodium falciparum is transmitted by the | female anopheles mosquito spreading malaria |
| New cases in a given time | incidence |
| Number living with disease at a given time | prevalence |
| Die from a particular disease/100,000 | Mortality rate |
| Have a disease/100,000 | Morbidity rate |
| Normal occurance | Endemic |
| Sudden increase in disease | Epidemic |
| Sudden rise worldwide | Pandemic |
| Body fluids from infected person | Ebola |
| Infected deer ticks | Lyme disease |
| Sexual transmission and infected blood | HIV/AIDS |
| Urine, saliva, and feces of infected rats | Hanta virus |
| Corona virus from infected birds | SARS |
| Working with infected pigs | H1N1 |
| Corona virus from infected camel | MERS |
| The microorganism associated with MRSA is | Stapholococcus aureus |
| Multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients may need to be kept in | isolation |
| Wood's lamp is used to detect | fungal infections |
| The Ascoli test detects | anthrax bacilli |
| Staphylococcus aureus is | coagulase positive |
| The confirmatory test for syphilis is | FTA |
| An ASO titer of >160 Todd units indicates a recent | streptococcal infection |
| The Paul Bunnel test is positive for | infectious mononucleosis |
| RPR and VDRL are screening tests for | syphilis |
| The Mantoux or Tine test is for | TB |
| The Schick test evaluates susceptibility to | diphtheria |
| Use of evidence | based clinical practice |
| Rehabilitation | Tertiary prevention |
| Exercise, hand | washing |
| Health screening for cervical cancer | Secondary prevention |
| Developed vaccine from killed polio virus | Jonas Salk |
| Proposed germ theory of disease | Louis Pasteur |
| Coined "prion" for diseases caused by protein particles | Stanley Prusiner |
| Introduced hand washing in 19th century | Ignazio Semmelweiss |
| Discovered penicillin | Alexander Flemming |
| Father of Microbiology | Robert Koch |
| Poison ivy | Type IV hypersensitivity reaction (IV=ivy) |
| Erythroblastosis fetalis | Type II hypersensitivity reaction |
| Bee sting | Type I hypersensitivity reaction (1 stinger) |
| Myasthenia gravis | Type II hypersensitivity reaction |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Type III hypersensitivity reaction |
| Type I diabetes mellitus | Type IV hypersensitivity reaction |
| Rheumatic fever | Type II hypersensitivity reaction |
| Cold sores are also known as | fever blisters |
| Adults | herpes zoster (shingles) |
| The Paul Bunnel test is positive with | infectious mononucleosis |
| Have RNA that can be used by ribosomes of infected cells to replicate | + sense viruses |
| The two structural patterns of viral capsids include | isocahedral and helical |
| The structural pattern of the corona virus is | enveloped helical |
| Many viruses possess an envelope that surrounds the | nucleocapsid |
| The rhinovirus is a member of which family | PICO RNA Viridae |
| The rhinovirus is DNA or RNA? | RNA |
| The rhinovirus is double or single stranded? | Single stranded |
| The rhinovirus is enveloped or non enveloped? | non-enveloped isocahedral |
| The rhinovirus is isocahedral or spiral? | isocahedral |
| The rhinovirus is most frequently isolated from patients suffering from what condition? | Common cold |
| Staphylococci and streptococci are | Gram + |
| Esherichia Coli are classified as | enteric, Gram - |
| The tubercle bacillus belongs to the | acid |
| Gram + bacteria stain | blue |
| Gram | bacteria stain |
| Staphylococcus are coagulase | Staph aureus is most virulent and coagulase positive. Other Staph's are coagulase negative. |
| Streptococcus are _____. S. aureus is_______. Other Staphylococcus are_______ | catalase negative, coagulase/catalase positive, Coagulase negative. |
| Neisseria gonorrhea is a | Gram - |
| Corynebacterium diphtheria bacteria are | Gram + |
| Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi are examples of | spirochetes |
| Eukaryotes with a defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane | Fungi |
| unicellular fungi are called | yeasts |
| Multicellular fungi are called | molds |
| Protozoa and metazoa are classified as | parasites |
Created by:
lerch
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