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Study Guide
Ms. Stubbs Government Final Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| House of Burgesses | The legislative assembly established in the 1960's in Virginia, now known as the General Assembly of Virginia |
| Declaration of Independence | A description of the purpose of government, a list of grievances against the king of england, a definition of peoples' natural rights stated that in a democracy, power comes from the people |
| National Legislative Branch | Two-house (bicameral) legislature House of Representatives whose membership was based on the population of a state senate whose membership was based on two senators per state. |
| Why did Federalist agree to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution? | To persuade the Anti-Federalists to accept the Constitution |
| U.S. Constitution v. Articles of confederation | One difference is that it created a national government having three branches. |
| Differences between the Anti-Federalists and the Federalists | Federalists and Anti-Federalists disagreed most strongly over the division of powers between the national and state governments. |
| A major reason why the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution | To protect individual liberties from abuse by the federal government |
| "Father of the Constitution" | James Madison |
| Checks and Balances | Made to stop other branches from becoming too powerful |
| First Amendment | Freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, right of the people peaceably to assemble, petition the government for a redress of grievances. |
| Where did the Anti-Federalists believe the power was given in the original draft of the Constitution? | National Government |
| Federalists beliefs on the Constitution | The development of political factions would prevent anyone branch from gaining too much power, allowing a republic to survive. The checks and balance system was designed to prevent the three branches from getting preponderant power. |
| " " | A strong national government was necessary to facilitate interstate commerce and to manage foreign trade, national defense, and foreign relations. |
| Some main areas for which the Constitution provided? | Developing a system of numerous checks and balances between three co-equal branches of government in order to avoid the central government being too powerful. |
| " " | Establishing federal law as the Supreme Law of the land while giving states considerable power to govern themselves |
| " " | Placating the Southern states by counting slaves as 3/5's of the population when determining representation in the House of Representatives. |
| Election of 1800 | The first instance of political power being transferred peacefully from one political party to another. |
| Veto | A power granted to the President in order to prevent passage of legislation. |
| Judicial Review | The Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional because of the principle of judicial review. |
| What court case established Judicial Review? | Case of Marbury v. Madison |
| Central idea of Democracy | The belief that government is derived from the people. |
| According to the Declaration of Independence, from where should the government derive their legitimacy? | Governments should derive their legitimacy from the consent of the governed. |
| One goal of the American Revolution? | Gain liberty |
| Know what the 14th, 15th, 19th, and 21st amendments were all about. (two questions) | 14th- defining national citizenship and forbidding the states to restrict the basic rights of citizens or other persons. 15th- granted African American men the right to vote. |
| " " | 19th- granted women the right to vote. 21st- repealed 18th amendment on Prohibition. |
| Political Machines | A party organization that recruits its members by the use of incentives including money, jobs, and favors. It is characterized by the high decree of leadership control over member activity. |
| Reapportionment of the Constitution | The Constitution requires reapportionment every 10 years. |
| The concept in the opening words of the Preamble | The opening words of the preamble of the Constitution expresses Popular Sovereignty. |
| Procedures for a President to be removed from office | The house votes for impeachment and the senate conducts a trial and reaches a guilty verdict. |
| Pocketbook Vote | The economy serves as a driving force for many in determining the outcome of certain elections. |
| " " | In good economic times, the party holding the White House normally does well while in poor times, the opposite party normally does well. |
| What are the following course cases about?: Marbury v. Madison, Roe v. Wade, Plessy v. Ferguson, McCullouch v. Maryland | a. Plessy v. Ferguson- upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal" |
| " " | b. Marbury v. Madison- established judicial review c. Roe v. Wade- affirms the legality of a woman's right to have an abortion d. McCullouch v. Maryland- impose taxes on a bank |
| Cloture Motion | Cuts off debate on a bill |
| Formal qualifications to run for President | Have to be a "natural born citizen" of the United States, at least thirty-five years of age and, a "resident within the United States" for fourteen years. |
| Formal qualifications to run for Congress | Senators must me at least 30 years old (25 for representatives), citizens of the United States for at least 9 years, and a resident of the state from which they were elected. |
| Due Process | A state may not take a person's life, liberty, or property |
| How many amendments are in the Constitution today? | 27 amendments |
| What are the Bill of Rights? | Within the Constitution of the United States, where one might find the guarantees of certain basic rights |
| Double Jeopardy | A person cannot be tried twice for the same crime. |
| Refugees v. Illegal Aliens | Refugees flee to another country to escape persecution or danger. Illegal Aliens are a foreign nation who are living without authorization in a country of which they are not a citizen. |
| Biggest entitlement program | Social Security |
| Magna Carta | Established a limited government |
| Progressive Tax v. Flat Tax | Progressive Tax- takes a higher percentage of income from upper income groups that from lower income groups. Flat Tax- a tax system with a constant marginal rate, usually applied to individual or corporate income tax. |
| What do Article I, II, and III establish in the Constitution? | Article I- establishes the Legislative branch of government Article II- establishes the Executive branch of government Article III- establishes the Judicial branch of government |
| What did the framers of the Constitution intend to establish? | They sought not only to address the specific challenges facing the nation during their lifetimes, but to establish the foundational principles that would sustain and guide the new nation into an uncertain future. |
| Establishment Clause | It prohibits Congress from establishing a state religion |
| Federalism | The federal principle or system of government |
| Steps for an amendment to be adopted | Step 1: Two-thirds of both houses of Congress pass a proposed constitutional amendment. This sends the proposed amendment to the states for ratification. |
| " " | Step 2: Three-fourths of the states (38 states) ratify the proposed amendment, either by their legislatures or special ratifying conventions. |
| Articles of Confederation | There was no Supreme Court, each state had one vote in congress. To add amendments to the articles of the Confederation, the 13 states had to unanimously agree. |
| Civic Duty | a person has an obligation to participate in governmental/civic affairs. |
| Jury Duty | If you are registered to vote or have a driver's license, you may be called for jury duty to be questioned and possibly serve on a jury. This is one aspect of Civic Duty |
| Closed Party | The primary where it requires that voters declare that they are a registered member of the party in order to vote in that primary. |
| Open Party | An open primary allows any registered voter to cast her ballot in either party's primary. |
| Who is responsible for forming the boundaries of the U.S. congressional districts? | State Legislatures |
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