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US history
Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reasons why American Colonists settled where they did | profit, land, adventure, religious, and political freedom. |
| Foundations of American Democracy | its purpose, form and structure are found in the Constitution of the United States. The Constitution, written in 1787, is the "supreme law of the land" because no law may be passed that contradicts its principles. |
| Why did the Anti-Federalists oppose the ratification of the Constitution in 1787? | because they feared that the new national government would be too powerful and thus threaten individual liberties, given the absence of a bill of rights. |
| Thomas Paine and Common Sense | common Sense challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. The plain language that Paine used spoke to the common people of America and was the first work to openly ask for independence from Great Britain. |
| Declaration of Independence | The Declaration of Independence states the principles on which our government, and our identity as Americans, are based. |
| Shay’s Rebellion | was an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts in opposition to a debt crisis among the citizenry and the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes both on individuals and their trades |
| Louisiana Purchase | (1803) was a land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million. |
| Missouri Compromise of 1820 | In an effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states, the Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. |
| Compromise of 1850 | The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War. |
| Manifest Destiny | Manifest Destiny held that the United States was destined—by God, its advocates believed—to expand its dominion and spread democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent. |
| Economic differences of the North and South prior to the Civil War | The North had a more diversified economy based on free labor. The South had an agrarian economy based on slave labor. ... The South's economy was based mainly on the production of cotton for export. |
| Lincoln’s goal in the Civil War | Lincoln declared that his main goal was the preservation of the Union and not the freedom of slaves. After the first few terrible years of the wars, By 1862, he realized that ending slavery would actually help him win the Civil War. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | Woman's Rights Convention, the Seneca Falls Convention fought for the social, civil and religious rights of women. |
| Reconstruction Period | The purpose of the Reconstruction was to help the South become a part of the Union again. |
| President Andrew Johnson and the Reconstruction Period | President Andrew Johnson implemented a plan of Reconstruction that gave the white South a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom and offered no role to blacks in the politics of the South. |
| Result of the Civil War | The biggest result was the end to Slavery. The 13th Amendment called for the abolishment of Slavery, and it was in support of President Lincoln's Emancipation proclamation. |
| Black Codes | laws governing the conduct of African Americans (free blacks). The best known of them were passed in 1865 and 1866 by Southern states, after the American Civil War, in order to restrict African Americans' freedom, and to compel them to work for low wages. |
| Native Americans | Native Americans fought knowing they might jeopardize their sovereignty, unique cultures, and ancestral lands if they ended up on the losing side of the Civil War. |
| Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 | Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which, per the terms of the Angell Treaty, suspended the immigration of Chinese laborers (skilled or unskilled) for a period of 10 years. |
| Indian Wars between 1860-1890 | he newly proclaimed United States competed with the British for control of the territory east of the Mississippi River. Some Indians sided with the British, as they hoped to reduce American settlement and expansion. |
| Homestead Act of 1862 | provided that any adult citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land. Claimants were required to “improve” the plot by building a dwelling and cultivating the land. |
| Transcontinental Railroad | The First Transcontinental Railroad was built crossing the western half of America and It was 1,776 miles long and served for the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States to be connected by rail for the first time in history. |
| Development of the Great Plains | The first westward-bound pioneers bypassed the Great Plains. The railroads were largely responsible for their development after the Civil War. An initial wave of settlement was followed by emigration in times of drought. |
| Three-fifths Compromise | count three out of every five slaves as people for this purpose. Its effect was to give the Southern states a third more seats in Congress and a third more electoral votes than if slaves had been ignored. |
| Reconstruction goals after the Civil War | The South needed to be rebuilt. The rebuilding of the South after the Civil War is called the Reconstruction. The Reconstruction lasted from 1865 to 1877. The purpose of the Reconstruction was to help the South become a part of the Union again. |
| Economic impact of the Civil War | the economic value of slaves in the United States exceeded the invested value of all of the nation's railroads, factories, and banks combined. On the eve of the Civil War, cotton prices were at an all-time |
| Tenements | a run-down apartment building or slum building. |
| Women's’ Suffrage Movement | The women's suffrage movement was a decades-long fight to win the right to vote for women in the United States. |
| Battleship Maine | the United States battleship Maine, riding quietly at anchor in Havana harbour, was suddenly blown up, apparently by a mine, in an explosion which tore her bottom out and sank her, killing 260 officers and men on board. |
| Why was the North worried about Great Britain during the Civil War? | Britain remain neutral during the Civil War? Most British were against slavery. They no longer needed Southern Cotton. ... South could use slaves as labour, which helped their war effort. |
| Impressments | Impressment refers to the act in which men were captured and forced into naval service. |
| Trail of Tears | The Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma. The Cherokee people called this journey the "Trail of Tears," because of its devastating effects. |
| Why did the South secede from the Union? | Southern states' desire to preserve the institution of slavery. Others minimize slavery and point to other factors, such as taxation or the principle of States' Rights. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | The Emancipation Proclamation granted freedom to the slaves in the Confederate States if the States did not return to the Union by January 1, 1863. In addition, under this proclamation, freedom would only come to the slaves if the Union won the war. |
| Why could Lincoln not carry out his plan of Reconstruction? | The Radical Republicans opposed Lincoln's plan, they thought it too lenient toward the South. They thought that Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction was not harsh enough because, the South was guilty of starting the war and deserved to be punished as such. |
| Muckrakers | A person who intentionally seeks out and publishes the misdeeds, such as criminal acts or corruption, of a public individual for profit or gain. Sometimes this information is linked to powerful businessmen. Muckraker is often journalists. |
| Who had great job opportunities during WWI when they did not before the war? | large numbers of women were recruited into jobs vacated by men who had gone to fight in the war. |
| Treaty of Versailles | goal of developing a treaty that would punish Germany and meet the goals of the various Allied Powers. Negotiating the treaty, which would be known as the Treaty of Versailles, was a long and complex process. |
| Rapid Growth of Cities | German and Irish immigrants come to these cities and increased the population. Increased population caused spread of disease,and wild-fires because most buildings were made of wood. |
| Why did US enter WWI? | Germany's resumption of submarine attacks on passenger and merchant ships in 1917 became the primary motivation behind Wilson's decision to lead the United States into World War I. |
| League of Nations | first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. |
| Progressivism | the support for or advocacy of social reform. As a philosophy, it is based on the idea of progress, which asserts that advancements in science, technology, economic development and social organization are vital to the improvement of the human condition. |
| Americans reaction to WWI | they tackled the problem of helping civilians in German-occupied areas in practical terms, negotiating with both Germany and Britain to allow shipments of food and clothing past their military forces. |
| Lusitania sinking | The death of so many innocent civilians at the hands of the Germans galvanized American support for entering the war, which eventually turned the tide in favor of the Allies. The Lusitania was a British luxury cruise ship. |
| Zimmermann Telegram | Zimmermann instructed the ambassador, Count Johann von Bernstorff, to offer significant financial aid to Mexico if it agreed to enter any future U.S-German conflict as a German ally. |
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