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U.S Ch.6 Vocab

TermDefinition
Judiciary Act of 1789 A law that established the federal court system and the number of Supreme Court justices and that provided for the appeal of certain state court decisions to the federal courts.
Cabinet The group of department heads who serve as the president’s chief advisers.
Bank of the United States Either of the two national banks, funded by the federal government and private investors, established by Congress, the first in 1791 and the second in 1816.
Democratic-Republicans Political party known for its support of strong state governments, founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1792 in opposition to the Federalist Party.
two-party system A political system dominated by two major parties.
protective tariff A tax on imported goods that is intended to protect a nation’s businesses from foreign competition.
excise tax A tax on the production, sale, or consumption of goods produced within a country.
neutrality A refusal to take part in a war between other nations.
sectionalism The placing of the interests of one’s own region ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole.
XYZ Affair A 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats.
Alien and Sedition Acts A series of four laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants to the United States.
nullification A state’s refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional.
Judiciary Act of 1801 A law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists.
midnight judges One of the judges appointed by John Adams in the last hours of his administration.
Marbury vs. Madison An 1803 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to abolish legislative acts by declaring them unconstitutional; this power came to be known as judicial review.
judicial review The Supreme Court’s power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.
Louisiana Purchase The 1803 purchase by the United States of France’s Louisiana Territory—- extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains—— for $15 million.
blockade The use of ships or troops to prevent movement into and out of a port or region controlled by hostile nation.
impressment The forcible seizure of men for military service.
embargo A government ban on trade with one or more other nations.
war hawk One of the members of Congress who favored war with Britain in the early years of the 19th century.
Treaty of Ghent The 1814 treaty that ended the War of 1812.
armistace Truse, or agreement to end an armed conflict.
Created by: kenzie2
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