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Unit 6 Vacb
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Jurisdiction | a courts authority to hear and decide a case |
Original Jurisdiction | the authority of a court to be the first court to hold trials in certain kinds of cases |
Appellate Jurisdiction | the authority of some courts to review decisions made by lower courts |
Precedent | an earlier court decision that guides judges decisions in later cases |
Judicial restraint | the concept that a judge should interpret the constitution according to the framers original intention |
Judicial activism | the concept that the constitution should be interpreted more broadly, as an evolving document, something that subsequent generations can interpret consistant with changing values and circumstances |
Magistrate judges | district court officials responsible for overseeing some of the early hearings ofa criminal trial at which routine matters are carried out, and who may also hear misdemeanor criminal cases and certain civil cases |
Appellant | a person who flies an appeal |
Misdemeanor | a minor crime |
Court-martial | hearings held for the trial of military personnel acused of violating military law |
Grand juries | panels for citizens set up to hear eviddence of a possible vrime and to recommand whether the evidence is sufficient to file criminal chargers |
Majority opinion | the supreme courts ruling in a case that is signed by at least 5 of the 9 members of court |
Dissenting opinion | statements written by supreme court justices who disagree with the majorities decision ; thesse opinions do not havea direct legal impact on the case, but they caninfluence future judements |
Redress of grievances | to remove the cause of a complaint and make things right |
Terry stop | legal rule that allows a law enforcement officer to stop a person based upon "reasonable suspicion" that a person may have been engaged in criminal activity; from ruling in the supreme court |
Unenumerated rights | certain fundamental rights, such as the right of privacy, that are not expressly mentioned in the constitution but that have been recongnizedby the US supreme court |